List of the Sexiest Japanese actresses of All Time

  List of Japanese actresses  A 
 Adachi Yumi
 Aizome Kyoko
 Akimoto Tsubasa
 Akino Yoko
 Akisada Rio
 Akiyoshi Kumiko
 Amami Yuki
 Amate Chisato
 Aoki Mayuko
 Aoki Tsuru
 Arimori Narimi
 Arisawa Hiroko
 Asaka Mayumi
 Asakura Ayumi
 Asakura Kanae
 Asami Rei
 Asami Yuka
 Asano Aiko
 Asano Atsuko
 Asaoka Ruriko
 Aso Kumiko
 Aso Yumi
 Ayase Haruka
 Azama Myuu  B 
 Baisho Mitsuko  C 
 Chara
 Chiba Reiko  D 
 Daichi Mao
 Deguchi Runa  E 
 Endo Yumi
 Endo Yumie
 Esumi Makiko  F 
 Fueki Yuko
 Fujima Miho
 Fujimura Shiho
 Fujita Yumiko
 Fujitani Ayako
 Fujitani Miki
 Fujitani Miwako
 Fujiwara Norika
 Fukada Kyoko
 Fukatsu Eri
 Fukuma Mutsumi  G 
 Go Chigusa
 Gojo Mai  H 
 Hada Michiko
 Hama Chisaki
 Hara Sachie
 Hara Setsuko
 Harada Kana
 Harada Tomoyo
 Hasegawa Kyoko
 Hashimoto Reika
 Hazuki Riona
 Henmi Emiri
 Henmi Mari
 Hibino Rei
 Hidaka Mayumi
 Higashide Noriko
 Hiroe Mina
 Hirosue Ryoko
 Hishimi Yuriko
 Hitoto Tae
 Horikita Maki
 Horiuchi Masami
 Hoshino Mari
 Hoshino Shiho
 Hoshino Tomoko
 Hosokawa Naomi  I 
 Ichikawa Yui
 Iida Riho
 Ikehata Emiko
 Ikewaki Chizuru
 Inou Shizuka
 Inoue Harumi
 Inoue Mao
 Ishi Tomiko
 Ishida Ayumi
 Ishida Hikari
 Ishida Yuriko
 Ishihara Satomi
 Ishino Mako
 Ito Ayumi
 Ito Kyoko
 Ito Maiko
 Ito Misaki
 Ito Rema
 Yoshimi Iwasaki
 Iwashita Shima
 Iwashita Yoshimi
 Izumi Saya  J 
 Junna Risa  K 
 Kai Kyoko
 Kaji Meiko
 Kaku Chikako
 Kanako Enomoto
 Kanda Kazumi
 Kaoru Yumi
 Kasuga Hiromi
 Katahira Nagisa
 Katsumata Sachiko
 Kato Ai
 Kawada Atsuko
 Kawagishi Kanae
 Kawashima Remi
 Ken Naoko
 Kikukawa Rei
 Kimura Tae
 Kimura Yoshino
 Kisaki Miri
 Kishi Keiko
 Kishimoto Kayoko
 Kitagawa Awoi
 Kitagawa Keiko
 Kiuchi Miho
 Kobashi Megumi
 Kobayashi Satomi
 Koizumi Kyoko
 Konishi Hiroko
 Kobayashi Mao
 Konishi Manami
 Konishi Miho
 Komatsu Ayaka
 Konno Mahiru
 Konno Misako
 Koyuki
 Kudo Risa
 Kudoh Yuki
 Kuninaka Ryoko
 Kuno Makiko
 Kuriyama Chiaki
 Kurihara Komaki (Japanese: 栗原小卷)
 Kuroda Fukumi
 Kuroki Hitomi
 Kuroki Meisa
 Kurotani Tomoka
 Kusaba Kaori
 Kuze Seika  M 
 Mabuchi Erika
 Machida Shion
 Maeda Aki
 Maeda Ayaka
 Makino Mika
 Maru Kumiko
 Matsu Takako
 Matsushima Nanako
 Matsushita Yuki
 Matsuyama Yoko
 Matsuzaka Keiko
 Meguro Maki
 Mibayashi Kyoko
 Mifune Mika
 Mihara Junko
 Mimura
 Minami Misei
 Mine Sawori
 Misaka Chieko
 Mita Hiroko
 Miura Aika
 Miyamoto Nobuko
 Miyashita Junko
 Miyazaki Aoi
 Miyazaki Mashio
 Miyazawa Rie
 Mizuno Maki
 Mizuno Miki
 Momoi Kaori
 Monou Akiko
 Mori Keaki
 Mori Sanami
 Moriguchi Yoko
 Moriyama Yuko
 Muroi Shigeru
 Muto Miyuki
 Mayuko takata  N 
 Nagasawa Hitomi
 Nagasawa Masami
 Nakagawa Anna
 Nakahara Syoko
 Nakama Yukie
 Nakamichi Yuki
 Nakamura Saemi
 Nakamura Tamao
 Nakano Kumiko
 Nakano Ryoko
 Nakatani Miki
 Nakayama Miho
 Nakayama Shinobu
 Namino Kuriko
 Natsuki Mari
 Natsuki Yoko
 Natsume Masako
 Nayuki Kayo
 Negishi Toshie
 Nihei Yuko
 Ninagawa Yuki
 Nishida Naomi
 Nishikawa Mineko
 Nishina Akiko
 Nishio Mari
 Nishio Mieko
 Nogiwa Yoko
 Noguchi Yuki
 Nomura Yuka
 Nonami Maho  O 
 Oba Kumiko
 Ogata Miho
 Ogawa Noriko
 Oguri Kaori
 Ohara Reiko
 Oka Ayumi
 Okada Shizuka
 Okae Kumiko
 Okamoto Yukiko
 Okasaki Hitomi
 Okayasu Yumiko
 Okazaki Hitomi
 Okazaki Yuki
 Onoe Yukari
 Osawa Itsumi
 Oshidari Akiko
 Ota Chiaki
 Otori Ran
 Otsuka Chihiro
 Oyamada Sayuri  R 
 Ryo  S 
 Saeki Hinako
 Saitō Yuki
 Sanada Setsuko
 Sano Nanami
 Satsuki Nobuko
 Sawaguchi Yasuko
 Sawai Miyuu
 Senju Hikaru
 Seto Asaka
 Seto Asuka
 Shibasaki Kô
 Shibata Risa
 Shibata Tokie
 Shibuya Kotono
 Shibuya Momoko
 Shida Mirai
 Shiina Eihi
 Shimizu Asuka
 Shimizu Mami
 Shimizu Misa
 Shinohara Ryoko
 Shinohara Tomoe
 Suzukaze Mayo
 Suzuki Kyoka  T 
 Tabata Tomoko
 Tachibana Yukari
 Tajima Honami
 Tajima Reiko
 Takagi Miho
 Takagi Saya
 Takahashi Hitomi
 Takahashi Kaori
 Takahashi Keiko
 Takahata Atsuko
 Takako Uehara
 Takamatsu Iku
 Takane Fubuki
 Takashima Reiko
 Takashio Tomoe
 Takeshita Keiko
 Takeuchi Yuko
 Tamashiro Chiharu
 Tanaka Chie
 Tanaka Chiyo
 Tanaka Eri
 Tanaka Kinuyo
 Tanaka Misako
 Tanaka Misato
 Tanaka Noriko
 Tanaka Yoshiko
 Tani Naomi
 Toda Keiko
 Tokugawa Miki
 Tomosaka Rie
 Tonegawa Akemi
 Tsugumi
 Tsuji Yoko
 Tsunoda Tomomi
 Tsuruta Mayu  U 
 Uchiyama Rina
 Ueno Misa
 Uehara Ryo
 Ueto Aya  W 
 Wakamura Mayumi
 Watanabe Azusa
 Watanabe Eriko
 Watanabe Noriko  Y 
 Yajima Yuki
 Yakushimaru Hiroko
 Yamada Yu
 Yamaguchi Momoe (Japanese: 山口百惠)
 Yamaguchi Tomoko
 Yamamoto Mayumi
 Yamamoto Mirai
 Yamamoto Natsumi
 Yamamoto Natsuko
 Yamaneki Natsuka
 Yamanouchi Shigemi
 Yamazaki Riho
 Yasuda Narumi
 Yo Kimiko
 Yoko Maki
 Yonekura Ryoko
 Yoshinaga Sayuri  Z 
 Zaizen Naomi  Labels: 

Watchmen Nite Owl Ozymandias The Comedian Doctor Manhattan Rorschach twelve-issue comic book limited series

Watchmen

This article is about the comic book limited series. For the film adaptation, see Watchmen (film). For other uses, see Watchman (disambiguation).
Watchmen

Cover art for the 1987 U.S. (left) and UK/Canada (right) collected editions of Watchmen, published by DC Comics and Titan Books.
Publication information
Publisher     DC Comics
Schedule     Monthly
Format     Limited series
Genre     , Alternate History, Superhero
Publication date     September 1986 – October 1987
Number of issues     12
Main character(s)     Nite Owl
Doctor Manhattan
Rorschach
Silk Spectre
Ozymandias
The Comedian
See also: Characters of Watchmen
Creative team
Writer(s)     Alan Moore
Artist(s)     Dave Gibbons
Letterer(s)     Dave Gibbons
Colorist(s)     John Higgins
Editor(s)     Len Wein
Collected editions
Absolute Watchmen     ISBN 1401207138

Watchmen is a twelve-issue comic book limited series created by writer Alan Moore, artist Dave Gibbons, and colorist John Higgins. The series was published by DC Comics in single issues during 1986 and 1987, and has been subsequently reprinted in collected form. Watchmen originated from a story proposal Moore submitted to DC featuring superhero characters that the company had acquired from Charlton Comics. As Moore's proposed story would have left many of the characters unusable for future stories, managing editor Dick Giordano convinced the writer to create original characters instead.

Moore used the story as a means to reflect contemporary anxieties and to deconstruct the superhero concept. Watchmen takes place in an alternate history United States where the country is edging closer to a nuclear war with the Soviet Union, freelance costumed vigilantes have been outlawed and most costumed superheroes are in retirement or working for the government. The story focuses on the personal development and struggles of the protagonists as an investigation into the murder of a government sponsored superhero pulls them out of retirement and eventually leads them to confront a plot by one of their own to stave off nuclear war by killing millions of innocent people.

Creatively, the focus of Watchmen is on its structure. Gibbons used a nine-panel grid layout throughout the series and added recurring symbols such as a blood-stained smiley face. All but the last issue feature supplemental fictional documents that add to the series' backstory, and the narrative is intertwined with that of another story, a fictional pirate comic titled Tales of the Black Freighter, which one of the characters is reading.

Watchmen has received critical acclaim both in the comics and mainstream press, and is regarded as a seminal text of the comic book medium. After a number of attempts to adapt the series into a feature film, director Zack Snyder's Watchmen is scheduled for release in March 2009.
Contents
[hide]

    * 1 Background and creation
    * 2 Story
          o 2.1 Plot summary
    * 3 Characters
    * 4 Art and composition
          o 4.1 Structure
          o 4.2 Tales of the Black Freighter
          o 4.3 Symbols and imagery
    * 5 Themes
    * 6 Publication and reception
    * 7 Film adaptation
    * 8 References
    * 9 Notes
    * 10 External links

[edit] Background and creation
"I suppose I was just thinking, 'That'd be a good way to start a comic book: have a famous super-hero found dead.' As the mystery unraveled, we would be led deeper and deeper into the real heart of this super-hero's world, and show a reality that was very different to the general public image of the super-hero."
—Alan Moore on the basis for Watchmen[1]

In 1985, DC Comics acquired a line of characters from Charlton Comics.[2] During that period, writer Alan Moore contemplated writing a story featuring an unused line of superheroes that he could revamp, as he had done in his Miracleman series in the early 1980s. Moore reasoned that MLJ Comics' Mighty Crusaders might be available for such a project, so he devised a murder mystery plot which would begin with the discovery of the body of The Shield in a harbor. The writer felt it did not matter which set of characters he ultimately used, as long as readers recognized them "so it would have the shock and surprise value when you saw what the reality of these characters was".[1] Moore used this premise and crafted a proposal featuring the Charlton characters titled Who Killed the Peacemaker,[3] and submitted the unsolicited proposal to DC managing editor Dick Giordano.[2] Giordano was receptive to the proposal, but the editor opposed the idea of using the Charlton characters for the story. Moore said, "DC realized their expensive characters would end up either dead or dysfunctional." Instead, Giordano convinced Moore to rework his pitch to feature original characters.[4] Moore had initially believed that original characters would not provide emotional resonance for the readers, but later changed his mind. He said, "Eventually, I realized that if I wrote the substitute characters well enough, so that they seemed familiar in certain ways, certain aspects of them brought back a kind of generic super-hero resonance or familiarity to the reader, then it might work."[1]

Artist Dave Gibbons, who had collaborated with Moore on previous projects, heard the writer was working on a miniseries treatment. The artist said he wanted to be involved, so Moore sent him the story outline.[5] Gibbons told Giordano he wanted to draw the series Moore proposed. Giordano asked Gibbons if Moore wanted him to draw it, to which he replied yes, and subsequently got the job.[6] Gibbons brought colorist John Higgins onto the project because he liked his "unusual" style; Higgins lived near the artist, which allowed the two to "discuss [the art] and have some kind of human contact rather than just sending it across the ocean".[3] Len Wein joined the project as its editor, while Giordano stayed on to oversee it. Both Wein and Giordano stood back and "got out of their way"; Giordano remarked later, "Who copyedits Alan Moore, for God's sake?"[2]

After receiving the go-ahead to work on the project, Moore and Gibbons spent a day at the latter's house creating characters, crafting details for the story's milieu and discussing influences.[4] The pair was particularly influenced by a Mad parody of Superman named "Superduperman"; Moore said, "We wanted to take Superduperman 180 degrees—dramatic, instead of comedic".[4] Moore and Gibbons conceived of a story that would take "familiar old-fashioned superheroes into a completely new realm";[7] the writer said his intention was to create "a superhero Moby Dick; something that had that sort of weight, that sort of density".[8] The writer came up with the character names and descriptions, but left the specifics of how they looked to Gibbons. Gibbons did not sit down and design the characters deliberately, but rather "did it at odd times ... spend[ing] maybe two or three weeks just doing sketches."[3] Gibbons designed his characters to make them easy to draw; Rorschach was his favorite to draw because "you just have to draw a hat. If you can draw a hat, then you've drawn Rorschach, you just draw kind of a shape for his face and put some black blobs on it and you're done."[9]

Moore began writing the series very early on, hoping to avoid publication delays such as those faced by the DC miniseries Camelot 3000.[10] When writing the script for the first issue, Moore said he realized "I only had enough plot for six issues. We were contracted for 12!" His solution was to alternate issues that dealt with the overall plot of the series with origin issues for the characters.[11] Moore wrote very detailed scripts for Gibbons to work from. Gibbons recalled that "[t]he script for the first issue of Watchmen was, I think, 101 pages of typescript—single-spaced—with no gaps between the individual panel descriptions or, indeed, even between the pages."[12] Upon receiving the scripts, the artist had to number each page "in case I drop them on the floor, because it would take me two days to put them back in the right order", and used a highlighter pen to single out lettering and shot descriptions; he remarked, "It takes quite a bit of organizing before you can actually put pen to paper."[12] Despite Moore's detailed scripts, his panel descriptions would often end with the note "If that doesn't work for you, do what works best"; Gibbons nevertheless worked to Moore's instructions.[13] Gibbons had a great deal of autonomy in developing the visual look of Watchmen, and frequently inserted background details that Moore admitted he did not notice until later.[8] Moore occasionally contacted fellow comics writer Neil Gaiman for answers to research questions and for quotes to include in issues.[11]

Despite his intentions, Moore admitted in November 1986 that there were likely to be delays, stating that he was, with issue #5 on the stands, still writing issue nine.[12] Gibbons mentioned that a major factor in the delays was the "piecemeal way" in which he received Moore's scripts. Gibbons said the team's pace slowed around the fourth issue; from that point onwards the two undertook their work "just several pages at a time. I'll get three pages of script from Alan and draw it and then toward the end, call him up and say, 'Feed me!' And he'll send another two or three pages or maybe one page or sometimes six pages."[14] As the creators began to hit deadlines, Moore would hire a taxi driver to drive 50 miles and deliver scripts to Gibbons. On later issues the artist had his wife and son draw panel grids on pages to help save time.[11] Moore even shortened one of Ozymandias' narrations, because Gibbons was unable to compress the dialogue on to one page where Ozymandias prevents a sneak attack by Rorschach.[15]

Near the end of the project, Moore realized that the story bore some similarity to "The Architects of Fear," an episode of the Outer Limits television series.[11] The writer and Wein argued over changing the ending; Moore won, but acknowledged the episode by referencing it in the series' last issue.[13]

[edit] Story

Watchmen is set in an alternate reality which closely mirrors the contemporary world of the 1980s. The primary point of divergence is the presence of superheroes. Their existence in this iteration of America is shown to have dramatically affected and altered the outcomes of real-world events such as the Vietnam War and the presidency of Richard Nixon.[16] In keeping with the realism of the series, although the costumed crime fighters of Watchmen are commonly called "superheroes", the only character who possesses obvious superhuman powers is Doctor Manhattan.[17] The existence of Doctor Manhattan has given the U.S. a strategic advantage over the Soviet Union, which has increased tensions between the two nations. Additionally, superheroes have become unpopular among the public, which has led to the passage of legislation in 1977 to outlaw them. While many of the heroes retired, Doctor Manhattan and the Comedian operate as government-sanctioned agents, and Rorschach continues to operate outside the law.[18]

[edit] Plot summary

In October 1985, New York City police are investigating the murder of Edward Blake. With the police having no leads, costumed vigilante Rorschach decides to probe further. Discovering Blake to be the face behind The Comedian, a costumed hero employed by the United States government, Rorschach believes he has discovered a plot to eliminate costumed adventurers and sets about warning four of his retired comrades, Dan Dreiberg (formerly the second Nite Owl), the superpowered and emotionally detached Doctor Manhattan and his lover Laurie Juspeczyk (the second Silk Spectre), and Adrian Veidt (once the hero Ozymandias, and now a successful businessman).

After Blake's funeral, Doctor Manhattan is accused on national television of being the cause of cancer in friends and former colleagues. When the U.S. government takes the accusations seriously, Manhattan exiles himself to Mars. In doing so he throws humanity into political turmoil, with the Soviet Union invading Afghanistan to capitalize on the perceived American weakness. Rorschach's paranoid beliefs appear vindicated when Adrian Veidt narrowly survives an assassination attempt, and Rorschach himself is framed for murder and imprisoned.

Jaded in her relationship, and no longer kept on retainer by the government, Juspeczyk stays with Dreiberg; they don their costumes and resume vigilante work as they grow closer together. With Dreiberg starting to believe some aspects of Rorschach's conspiracy theory, the pair take it upon themselves to free him from prison. Doctor Manhattan, after analyzing his own personal history, places the fate of his involvement with human affairs in Juspeczyk's hands. He teleports her to Mars to make the case for emotional investment. During the course of the argument, Juspeczyk is forced to come to terms with the fact that Blake was her biological father, the discovery of which re-engages Doctor Manhattan's interest in humanity.

On Earth, Nite Owl and Rorschach continue to uncover the conspiracy surrounding the death of The Comedian and the accusations that drove Doctor Manhattan into exile. They discover evidence that Adrian Veidt may be behind the plan. The pair then confront Veidt at his Antarctic retreat. Veidt explains his underlying plan is to save humanity from impending nuclear war between the United States and Soviet Union by faking an alien invasion in New York City, which he hopes will unite the nations against a perceived common enemy. He also reveals that he had killed The Comedian, arranged for Dr. Manhattan's past associates to contract cancer, and staged the attempt on his own life in order to place himself above suspicion. Finding his logic callous and abhorrent, Dreiberg and Rorschach attempt to stop him but discover that Veidt has already enacted his plan.

When Doctor Manhattan and Juspeczyk arrive back to Earth, they are confronted by mass destruction and wide scale death in New York City. Doctor Manhattan notices his abilities are limited by tachyons emanating from the Antarctic, and the pair teleport there. They discover Veidt's involvement and confront him. Veidt shows everyone news broadcasts confirming the cessation of global hostilities, leading almost all present to agree that concealing the truth from the public is in the best interests of the world. Rorschach refuses to compromise and leaves, intent on revealing the truth. As he is making his way back, he is confronted by Manhattan. Rorschach tells Manhattan he'll have to kill him to stop him from exposing Veidt and his actions, and Manhattan responds by vaporizing him. Manhattan then wanders through the base and finds Veidt, who asks Manhattan if he did the right thing in the end. In response Manhattan states that "Nothing ever ends" before leaving the Earth for a different galaxy. Dreiberg and Juspeczyk go into hiding under new identities and continue their romance.

[edit] Characters
The characters of Watchmen (clockwise from the top): Doctor Manhattan, Nite-Owl (II), Rorschach, The Comedian, Ozymandias and Silk Spectre (II).

    Main article: Characters of Watchmen

With Watchmen, Alan Moore's intention was to create four or five "radically opposing ways" to perceive the world and to give readers of the story the privilege of determining which one was most morally comprehensible. Moore did not believe in the notion of "[cramming] regurgitated morals" down the readers' throats and instead sought to show heroes in an ambivalent light. Moore said, "What we wanted to do was show all of these people, warts and all. Show that even the worst of them had something going for them, and even the best of them had their flaws."[8]

    * The Comedian/Edward Blake: Already deceased when the story begins, his murder is what sets the plot in motion. The character appears throughout the story in flashbacks and aspects of his personality are revealed by other characters.[18] The Comedian was based on the Charlton Comics character Peacemaker, with elements of the Marvel Comics spy character Nick Fury added. Moore and Gibbons saw The Comedian as "a kind of Gordon Liddy character, only a much bigger, tougher guy".[1] Richard Reynolds described The Comedian as "ruthless, cynical, and nihilistic, and yet capable of deeper insights than the others into the role of the costumed hero".[18] Along with Dr. Manhattan, he is the only government-sanctioned superhero after the Keene Act banning superheroes is passed. Although he attempted to rape the first Silk Spectre in the 1940s, issue nine reveals that years later he fathered her daughter Laurie.

    * Doctor Manhattan/Doctor Jonathan Osterman: A superpowered being who is contracted by the United States government. Scientist Jon Osterman gained superpowers when he was caught in an "Intrinsic Field subtractor" in 1959. Doctor Manhattan was based upon Charlton's Captain Atom, who in Moore's original proposal was surrounded by the shadow of nuclear threat. However, the writer found he could do more with Manhattan as a "kind of a quantum super-hero" than he could have with Captain Atom.[1] In opposition to other superheroes that lacked scientific exploration of their origins, Moore sought to delve into nuclear physics and quantum physics in constructing the character of Dr. Manhattan. The writer believed that a character living in a quantum universe would not perceive time with a linear perspective, which would influence the character's perception of human affairs. Moore also wanted to avoid creating an emotionless character like Spock from Star Trek, so he sought for Dr. Manhattan to retain "human habits" and to grow away from them and humanity in general.[8] Gibbons had created the blue character Rogue Trooper, and explained he reused the blue skin motif for Doctor Manhattan as it resembles skin tonally, but has a different hue. Moore incorporated the color into the story, and Gibbons noted the rest of the comic's color scheme made Manhattan more unique.[19] Moore recalled that he was unsure if DC would allow the creators to depict the character as fully nude, which partially influenced how they portrayed the character.[3] Gibbons wanted to be tasteful in depicting Manhattan's nudity, selecting carefully when full frontal shots would occur and giving him "understated" genitals — like a classical sculpture — so the reader would not initially notice it.[20]

    * Nite Owl / Dan Dreiberg: A retired superhero who utilizes owl-themed gadgets. Nite Owl was based on the Ted Kord version of the Blue Beetle. Similar to how Ted Kord had a predecessor, Moore also incorporated an earlier adventurer who used the name "Nite Owl", the retired crime fighter Hollis Mason, into Watchmen.[1] While Moore devised character notes for Gibbons to work from, the artist provided a name and a costume design for Hollis Mason he had created when he was twelve.[20] Richard Reynolds noted in Super Heroes: A Modern Mythology that despite the character's Charlton roots, Nite Owl's modus operandi has more in common with the DC Comics character Batman.[21] According to Klock, his civilian form "visually suggests an impotent, middle-aged Clark Kent."[22]

    * Ozymandias / Adrian Veidt: Drawing inspiration from Alexander the Great, Veidt was once the superhero Ozymandias, but has since retired to devote his attention to the running of his own enterprises. Veidt is believed to be one of the smartest men on the planet. Ozymandias was directly based on Peter Cannon, Thunderbolt, whom Moore had admired for using his full brain capacity as well as possessing full physical and mental control.[1] Richard Reynolds noted that by taking initiative to "help the world", Veidt displays a trait normally attributed to villains in superhero stories, and in a sense he is the "villain" of the series.[23] Gibbons noted "One of the worst of his sins [is] kind of looking down on the rest of humanity, scorning the rest of humanity."[24]

    * Rorschach / Walter Kovacs: A vigilante who wears a white mask that contains constantly shifting ink blots, he continues to fight crime in spite of his outlaw status. Moore said he was trying to "come up with this quintessential Steve Ditko character - someone who's got a funny name, whose surname begins with a 'K,' who's got an oddly designed mask". Moore based Rorschach on Ditko's creation Mr. A;[12] Ditko's Charlton character The Question also served as a template for creating Rorschach.[1] Comics historian Bradford W. Wright described the character's world view "a set of black-and-white values that take many shapes but never mix into shades of gray, similar to the ink blot tests of his namesake". Rorschach sees existence as random and, according to Wright, this viewpoint leaves the character "free to 'scrawl [his] own design' on a 'morally blank world'".[25] Moore said he did not foresee the death of Rorschach until the fourth issue when he realized that his refusal to compromise would result in him not surviving the story.[8]

    * Silk Spectre / Laurie Juspeczyk: The daughter of the first Silk Spectre, with whom she has a strained relationship. Silk Spectre was not based on a particular Charlton character; rather, Moore felt he needed a female hero in the cast and drew inspiration from heroines such as Black Canary and Phantom Lady.[1]

[edit] Art and composition

Moore and Gibbons designed Watchmen to showcase the unique qualities of the comics medium and to highlight its particular strengths. In a 1986 interview, Moore said, "What I'd like to explore is the areas that comics succeed in where no other media is capable of operating", and emphasized this by stressing the differences between comics and film. Moore said that Watchmen was designed to be read "four or five times," with some links and allusions only becoming apparent to the reader after several readings.[8] Gibbons described the series as "a comic about comics".[14] Dave Gibbons notes that, "[a]s it progressed, Watchmen became much more about the telling than the tale itself. The main thrust of the story essentially hinges on what is called a macguffin, a gimmick ... So really the plot itself is of no great consequence ... it just really isn't the most interesting thing about Watchmen. As we actually came to tell the tale, that's where the real creativity came in."[26]

Gibbons said he deliberately constructed the visual look of Watchmen so that each page would be identifiable as part of that particular series and "not some other comic book".[27] He made a concerted effort to draw the characters in a manner different than that commonly seen in comics.[27] The artist tried to draw the series with "a particular weight of line, using a hard, stiff pen that didn't have much modulation in terms of thick and thin" which he hoped "would differentiate it from the usual lush, fluid kind of comic book line".[28] Gibbons felt that "Alan is more concerned with the social implications of [the presence of super-heroes] and I've gotten involved in the technical implications." The story's alternate world setting allowed Gibbons to change details of the American landscape, such as adding electric cars, slightly different buildings, and spark hydrants instead of fire hydrants, which Moore said, "perhaps gives the American readership a chance in some ways to see their own culture as an outsider world". Gibbons noted that the setting was liberating for him because he did not have to rely primarily on reference books.[3]

Colorist John Higgins used a template that was "moodier" and favored secondary colors.[11] Moore stated that he had also "always loved John's coloring, but always associated him with being an airbrush colorist", which Moore was not fond of; Higgins subsequently decided to color Watchmen in European-style flat color. Moore noted that the artist paid particular attention to lighting and subtle color changes; in issue six, Higgins began with "warm and cheerful" colors and throughout the issue gradually made it darker to give the story a dark and bleak feeling.[3]

[edit] Structure
The middle two pages of Watchmen #5, titled "Fearful Symmetry". The whole of the issue's layout was intended to be symmetrical, culminating in the center spread, where the pages reflect one another. Art by Dave Gibbons.

Structurally, certain aspects of Watchmen deviated from the norm in comic books at the time, particularly the panel layout and the coloring. Instead of panels of various sizes, the creators divided each page into a nine-panel grid.[11] Gibbons favored the nine-panel grid system due to its "authority".[28] Moore accepted the use of the nine-panel grid format, which "gave him a level of control over the storytelling he hadn't had previously", according to Gibbons. "There was this element of the pacing and visual impact that he could now predict and use to dramatic effect."[26] Bhob Stewart of The Comics Journal mentioned to Gibbons in 1987, that the page layouts recalled those of EC Comics, in addition to the art itself, which Stewart felt particularly echoed that of John Severin.[14] Gibbons agreed that the echoing of the EC-style layouts "was a very deliberate thing", although his inspiration was rather Harvey Kurtzman,[15] but it was altered enough to give the series a unique look.[14] The artist also cited Steve Ditko's work on early issues of The Amazing Spider-Man as an influence,[29] as well as Doctor Strange, where "even at his most psychedelic [he] would still keep a pretty straight page layout".[9]

The cover of each issue serves as the first panel to the story. Gibbons said, "The cover of the Watchmen is in the real world and looks quite real, but it's starting to turn into a comic book, a portal to another dimension."[3] The covers were designed as close-ups that focused on a single detail with no human elements present.[8] The creators on occasion experimented with the layout of the issue contents. Gibbons drew issue five, titled "Fearful Symmetry", so the first page mirrors the last (in terms of frame disposition), with the following pages mirroring each other before the center-spread is (broadly) symmetrical in layout.[3]

The end of each issue (save for issue twelve) contains supplemental prose pieces written by Moore. Among the contents are fictional book chapters, letters, reports, and articles written by various Watchmen characters. DC had trouble selling ad space in issues of Watchmen, which left an extra eight to nine pages per issue. DC planned to insert house ads and a longer letters column to fill the space, but editor Len Wein felt this would be unfair to anyone who wrote in during the last four issues of the series. He decided to use the extra pages to fill out the series' backstory.[13] Moore said, "By the time we got around to issue #3, #4, and so on, we thought that the book looked nice without a letters page. It looks less like a comic book, so we stuck with it."[3]

[edit] Tales of the Black Freighter

Watchmen features a story within a story in the form of Tales of the Black Freighter, a fictional comic book from which scenes appear in issues three, five, eight, nine, ten, and eleven. The fictional comic's story, "Marooned", is read by a black youth in New York City.[23] Moore and Gibbons conceived a pirate comic because they reasoned that since the characters of Watchmen experience superheroes in real life, "they probably wouldn't be at all interested in superhero comics."[30] Gibbons suggested a pirate theme, and Moore agreed in part because he is "a big [Berthold] Brecht fan": the Black Freighter alludes to the song "Seeräuberjenny" ("Pirate Jenny") from Brecht's Threepenny Opera.[3] Moore theorized that since superheroes existed, and existed as "objects of fear, loathing, and scorn, the main superheroes quickly fell out of popularity in comic books, as we suggest. Mainly, genres like horror, science fiction, and piracy, particularly piracy, became prominent--with EC riding the crest of the wave."[12] Moore felt that "the imagery of the whole pirate genre is so rich and dark that it provided a perfect counterpoint to the contemporary world of Watchmen".[12] The writer expanded upon the premise so that its presentation in the story would add subtext and allegory.[31] The supplemental article detailing the fictional history of Tales of the Black Freighter at the end of issue five credits real-life artist Joe Orlando as a major contributor to the series. Moore chose Orlando because he felt that if pirate stories were popular in the Watchmen universe that DC editor Julius Schwartz might have tried to lure the artist over to the company to draw a pirate comic book. Orlando contributed a drawing designed as if it were a page from the fake title to the supplemental piece.[12]

"Marooned" tells the story of a young mariner cast adrift at sea, making his way to his hometown to warn its inhabitants of the coming of the Black Freighter. During his journey he is "forced by the urgency of his mission to shed one inhibition after another", including using the bodies of his dead shipmates as a make-shift raft and mistakenly killing innocent people as he makes his way to town. When he finally returns home, believing it to already be under the occupation of the ship's crew, he accidentally attacks his own wife in their darkened home. Afterward, he returns to the sea shore, where he finds the Black Freighter; he swims out to sea and climbs aboard the ship.[32] Moore has said that the story of The Black Freighter ends up specifically describing "the story of Adrian Veidt".[30] Richard Reynolds states that just like Veidt, the protagonist of "Marooned" "hopes to stave off disaster by using the dead bodies of his former comrades as a means of reach his goal".[33] Moore has said that "Marooned" can also be used as a counterpoint to other parts of the story, such as Rorschach's capture and Dr. Manhattan's self-exile on Mars.[30]

[edit] Symbols and imagery
The Galle crater, with a strong resemblance to a smiley; a similar crater appears in Watchmen

Moore named William S. Burroughs as one of his main influences during the conception of Watchmen. He admired Burroughs' use of "repeated symbols that would become laden with meaning" in Burroughs' only comic strip, "The Unspeakable Mr. Hart", which appeared in the British underground magazine Cyclops. Not every intertextual link in the series was planned by Moore, who remarked that "there's stuff in there Dave had put in that even I only noticed on the sixth or seventh read," while other "things... turned up in there by accident."[8]

A blood-stained smiley face is a recurring image in the story, appearing in many forms. In The System of Comics, Thierry Groensteen described the symbol as a recurring motif that produces "rhyme and remarkable configurations" by appearing in key segments of Watchmen, notably the first and last pages of the series. Groensteen cites it as one form of the circle shape that appears throughout the story, as a "recurrent geometric motif" and due to its symbolic connotations.[34] Gibbons created a smiley face badge as an element of The Comedian's costume in order to "lighten" the overall design, later adding a splash of blood to the badge to imply his murder. Gibbons said the creators came to regard the blood-stained smiley face as "a symbol for the whole series",[28] noting its resemblance to the clock ticking up to midnight.[9] Moore drew inspiration from psychological tests of behaviorism, explaining that the tests had presented the face as "a symbol of complete innocence." With the addition of a blood splash over the eye, the face's meaning was altered to become simultaneously radical and simple enough for the Watchmen first issue's cover to avoid human detail. Although most evocations of the central image were created on purpose, others were coincidental. Moore mentioned in particular that "the little plugs on the spark hydrants, if you turn them upside down, you discover a little smiley face".[8]

Other symbols, images and allusion that appeared throughout the series often emerged unexpectedly. Moore mentioned that "[t]he whole thing with Watchmen has just been loads of these little bits of synchronicity popping up all over the place".[12] Gibbons noted an unintended theme was contrasting the mundane and the romantic,[15] citing the separate sex scenes between Nite Owl and Silk Spectre on his couch and then high in the sky on Archie.[14] In a book of the craters and boulders of Mars, Gibbons discovered a photograph of the Galle crater, which resembles a happy face, which they worked into an issue. Moore said, "We found a lot of these things started to generate themselves as if by magic", in particular citing an occasion where they decided to name a lock company the "Gordian Knot Lock Company".[12]

[edit] Themes

The initial premise for the series was to examine what superheroes would be like "in a credible, real world". As the story became more complex, Moore said Watchmen became about "power and about the idea of the superman manifest within society."[35] The writer stated in the introduction to the Graphitti hardcover that while writing Watchmen he was able to purge himself of his nostalgia for superheroes, and instead he found an interest in real human beings.[1]

Bradford Wright described Watchmen as "Moore's obituary for the concept of heroes in general and superheroes in particular."[17] Putting the story in a contemporary sociological context, Wright wrote that the characters of Watchmen were Moore's "admonition to those who trusted in 'heroes' and leaders to guard the world's fate." He added that to place faith in such icons was to give up personal responsibility to "the Reagans, Thatchers, and other 'Watchmen' of the world who supposed to 'rescue' us and perhaps lay waste to the planet in the process".[36] Moore specifically stated in 1986 that he was writing Watchmen to be "not anti-Americanism, [but] anti-Reaganism," specifically believing that "at the moment a certain part of Reagan's America isn't scared. They think they're invulnerable."[3] While Moore wanted to write about "power politics" and the "worrying" times he lived in, he stated the reason that the story was set in an alternate reality was because he was worried that readers would "switch off" if he attacked a leader they admired.[4] Moore stated in 1986 that he "was consciously trying to do something that would make people feel uneasy."[3]

Citing Watchmen as the point where the comic book medium "came of age," Iain Thomson wrote in his essay "Deconstructing the Hero" that the story accomplished this by "developing its heroes precisely in order to deconstruct the very idea of the hero and so encouraging us to reflect upon its significance from the many different angles of the shards left lying on the ground".[37] Thomson stated that the heroes in Watchmen almost all share a nihilistic outlook, and that Moore presents this outlook "as the simple, unvarnished truth" to "deconstruct the would-be hero's ultimate motivation, namely, to provide a secular salvation and so attain a mortal immortality".[38] He wrote that the story "develops its heroes precisely in order to ask us if we would not in fact be better off without heroes".[39] Thomson added that the story's deconstruction of the hero concept "suggests that perhaps the time for heroes has passed", which he feels distinguishes "this postmodern work" from the deconstructions of the hero in the existentialism movement.[40] Richard Reynolds states that without any supervillains in the story, the superheroes of Watchmen are forced to confront "more intangible social and moral concerns", adding that this removes the superhero concept from the normal narrative expectations of the genre.[41] Reynolds concludes that the series' ironic self awareness of the genre "all mark out Watchmen either as the last key superhero text, or the first in a new maturity of the genre".[42]

Geoff Klock eschewed the term "deconstruction" in favor of describing Watchmen as a "revisionary superhero narrative." He considers Watchmen and Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns to be "the first instances ... of [a] new kind of comic book ... a first phase of development, the transition of the superhero from fantasy to literature."[43] He elaborates by noting that "Alan Moore's realism ... performs a kenosis towards comic book history ... [which] does not ennoble and empower his characters ... Rather, it sends a wave of disruption back through superhero history ... devalue[ing] one of the basic superhero conventions by placing his masked crime fighters in a realistic world ..."[44] First and foremost, "Moore's exploration of the [often sexual] motives for costumed crimefighting sheds a disturbing light on past superhero stories, and forces the reader to reevaluate - to revision - every superhero in terms of Moore's kenosis - his emptying out of the tradition."[45] The deconstructive nature of Watchmen is, Klock notes, played out on the page also as, "[l]ike Alan Moore's kenosis, [Veidt] must destroy, then reconstruct, in order to build 'a unity which would survive him.'"[46]

Moore has expressed dismay that "[T]he gritty, deconstructivist postmodern superhero comic, as exemplified by Watchmen... became a genre". He said in 2003, "[T]o some degree there has been, in the 15 years since Watchmen, an awful lot of the comics field devoted to these grim, pessimistic, nasty, violent stories which kind of use Watchmen to validate what are, in effect, often just some very nasty stories that don't have a lot to recommend them."[47] Gibbons said that while readers "were left with the idea that it was a grim and gritty kind of thing", he said in his view the series was "a wonderful celebration of superheroes as much as anything else."[48]

[edit] Publication and reception

When Moore and Gibbons turned in the first issue of Watchmen to DC, their peers were stunned. Gibbons recalled, "What really clinched it [...] was [writer/artist] Howard Chaykin, who doesn't give praise lightly, and who came up and said, 'Dave what you've done on Watchmen is fuckin' A.'"[49] Speaking in 1986, Moore stated that "DC backed us all the way ... and have been really supportive about even the most graphic excesses."[3] To promote the series, DC Comics released a limited-edition badge ("button") display card set, featuring characters and images from the series. 10,000 sets of the four badges, including a replica of the blood-stained smiley face badge worn by the Comedian in the story, were released and sold.[14] Mayfair Games introduced a Watchmen module for its DC Heroes Role-playing Game series that was released before the series concluded. The module, which was endorsed by Moore, adds details to the series' backstory by portraying events that occurred in 1966.[50]

Watchmen was published in single-issue form over the course of 1986 and 1987. The miniseries was a commercial success, and its sales helped DC Comics briefly overtake its competitor Marvel Comics in the comic book direct market.[36] The series' publishing schedule ran into delays because it was scheduled with three issues completed instead of the six Len Wein believed were necessary. Further delays were caused when later issues each took more than a month to complete.[13] Bhob Stewart of the The Comics Journal noted in Spring 1987 that issue #12, which DC solicited for April 1987, "looks like it won't debut until July or August".[12]

After the series concluded, the individual issues were collected and sold in trade paperback form. Along with Frank Miller's 1986 Batman: The Dark Knight Returns miniseries, Watchmen was marketed as a graphic novel, a term which allowed DC and other publishers to sell similar comic book collections in a way that associated them with novels, but disassociate them from comics.[51] As a result of the publicity given to the books like the Watchmen trade in 1987, bookstore and public libraries began to devote special shelves to them. Subsequently, new comics series were commissioned on the basis of reprinting them in a collected form for these markets.[52] In 1987, Graphitti Design produced a special limited edition, slipcased hardcover volume that contained 48 pages of bonus material, including the original proposal and concept art. In 2005, DC released Absolute Watchmen, an oversized slipcased hardcover edition of the series in DC's Absolute Edition format. Assembled under the supervision of Dave Gibbons, Absolute Watchmen included the Graphitti materials, as well as restored and recolored art by John Higgins.[53] In 2008, Warner Bros. Entertainment released Watchmen: Motion Comics, a series of narrated animations of the original comic book. The first chapter was released for purchase in the summer of 2008 on digital video stores, such as iTunes Store.[54] That December, DC published a new printing of Watchmen issue #1 at the original 1986 cover price of $1.50.[55]

Watchmen received critical praise, both inside and outside of the comics industry. Time, which noted that the series was "by common assent the best of breed [sic]" of the new wave of comics published at the time, praised Watchmen as "a superlative feat of imagination, combining sci-fi, political satire, knowing evocations of comics past and bold reworkings of current graphic formats into a dysutopian mystery story."[56] In 1988, Watchmen received a Hugo Award in the Other Forms category.[57] Since its release, Watchmen has garnered acclaim as a seminal work of the comic book medium. In Art of the Comic Book: An Aesthetic History, Robert Harvey wrote that with Watchmen, Moore and Gibbons "had demonstrated as never before the capacity of the [comic book] medium to tell a sophisticated story that could be engineered only in comics".[58] In his review of the Absolute Edition of the collection, Dave Itzkoff of The New York Times wrote that the dark legacy of Watchmen, "one that Moore almost certainly never intended, whose DNA is encoded in the increasingly black inks and bleak storylines that have become the essential elements of the contemporary superhero comic book," is "a domain he has largely ceded to writers and artists who share his fascination with brutality but not his interest in its consequences, his eagerness to tear down old boundaries but not his drive to find new ones."[59] In 1999, The Comics Journal ranked Watchmen at number 91 on its list of the Top 100 English-Language Comics of the 20th Century.[60] Watchmen was the only graphic novel to appear on Time's 2005 list of "the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to the present".[61] Time critic Lev Grossman described the story as "a heart-pounding, heartbreaking read and a watershed in the evolution of a young medium."[62] In 2008, Entertainment Weekly placed it at number 13 on its list of the best 50 novels printed in the last 25 years, describing it as "The greatest superhero story ever told and proof that comics are capable of smart, emotionally resonant narratives worthy of the label literature."[63]

Moore stated in 1985 that if the limited series were well-received, he and Gibbons would possibly create a 12-issue prequel series called Minutemen featuring the 1940s superhero group from the story.[10] DC offered Moore and Gibbons chances to publish prequels to the series, such as Rorschach's Journal or The Comedian's Vietnam War Diary. Neither man felt the stories would have gone anywhere. Gibbons was more attracted to the idea of a Minutemen series, because it would have "[paid] homage to the simplicity and unsophisticated nature of Golden Age comic books – with the added dramatic interest that it would be a story whose conclusion is already known. It would be, perhaps, interesting to see how we got to the conclusion."[15]

Disagreements about the ownership of the story ultimately led Alan Moore to sever ties with DC Comics.[64] Not wanting to work under a work for hire arrangement, Moore and Gibbons had a reversion clause in their contract for Watchmen. Speaking at the 1985 San Diego Comicon, Moore said "The way it works, if I understand it, is that DC owns it for the time they're publishing it, and then it reverts to Dave and me, so we can make all the money from the Slurpee cups."[10] For Watchmen, Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons received eight percent of the series' earnings.[8] Moore explained in 1986 that his understanding was that when "DC have not used the characters for a year, they're ours."[3] Both Moore and Gibbons said DC paid them "a substantial amount of money" to retain the rights. Moore added, "So basically they're not ours, but if DC is working with the characters in our interests then they might as well be. On the other hand, if the characters have outlived their natural life span and DC doesn't want to do anything with them, then after a year we've got them and we can do what we want with them, which I'm perfectly happy with."[3]
DC Direct's cancelled 15th anniversary Watchmen toy line

Moore says he left DC in 1989 due to the language in his contracts for Watchmen and his V for Vendetta series with artist David Lloyd. Moore felt the reversion clauses were ultimately meaningless, because DC did not intend to let the publications go out of print. He told The New York Times in 2006, "I said, 'Fair enough,' [...] 'You have managed to successfully swindle me, and so I will never work for you again.'"[64] In 2000, Moore publicly distanced himself from DC's plans for a fifteenth anniversary Watchmen hardcover release as well as a proposed line of action figures from DC Direct. While DC wanted to mend its relationship with the writer, Moore felt the company was not treating him fairly in regards to his America's Best Comics imprint (launched under the Wildstorm comic imprint, which was bought by DC in 1998; Moore was promised no direct interference by DC as part of the arrangement). Moore added, "As far as I'm concerned, the 15th anniversary of Watchmen is purely a 15th Anniversary of when DC managed to take the Watchmen property from me and Dave [Gibbons]."[65] Soon afterwards, DC Direct cancelled the Watchmen action figure line, although the company had shown prototypes at the 2000 Comic-Con International.[66]

[edit] Film adaptation

    Main article: Watchmen (film)

There have been numerous attempts to make a film version Watchmen since 1986, when producers Lawrence Gordon and Joel Silver acquired film rights to the series for 20th Century Fox.[67] Fox asked Alan Moore to write a screenplay based on his story,[68] but he declined, so the studio enlisted screenwriter Sam Hamm. Hamm took the liberty of re-writing Watchmen's complicated ending into a "more manageable" conclusion involving an assassination and a time paradox.[68] Fox put the project into turnaround in 1991,[69] and the project was moved to Warner Bros., where Terry Gilliam was attached to direct and Charles McKeown to rewrite it. They used the character Rorschach's diary as a voice-over and restored scenes from the comic book that Hamm had removed.[68] Gilliam and Silver were only able to raise $25 million for the film (a quarter of the necessary budget) because their previous films had gone overbudget.[68] Gilliam abandoned the project because he decided that Watchmen would have been unfilmable. "Reducing [the story] to a two or two-and-a-half hour film [...] seemed to me to take away the essence of what Watchmen is about," he said.[70] After Warner Bros. dropped the project, Gordon invited Gilliam back to helm the film independently. The director again declined, believing that the comic book would be better directed as a five-hour miniseries.[71]

In October 2001, Gordon partnered with Lloyd Levin and Universal Studios, hiring David Hayter to write and direct.[72] Hayter and the producers left Universal due to creative differences,[73] and Gordon and Levin expressed interest in setting up Watchmen at Revolution Studios. The project did not hold together at Revolution Studios and subsequently fell apart.[74] In July 2004, it was announced Paramount Pictures would produce Watchmen, and they attached Darren Aronofsky to direct Hayter's script. Producers Gordon and Levin remained attached, collaborating with Aronofsky's producing partner, Eric Watson.[75] Paul Greengrass replaced Aronofsky when he left to focus on The Fountain.[76] Ultimately, Paramount placed Watchmen in turnaround.[77]

In October 2005, Gordon and Levin met with Warner Bros. to develop the film there again.[78] Impressed with Zack Snyder's work on 300, Warner Bros. approached him to direct an adaptation of Watchmen.[79] Screenwriter Alex Tse drew from his favorite elements of Hayter's script,[80] but also returned it to the original Cold War setting of the Watchmen comic. Similar to his approach to 300, Snyder used the comic book as a storyboard.[81] He has extended the fight scenes,[82] and added a subplot about energy resources to make the film more topical.[83] Although he intended to stay faithful to the look of the characters in the comic, Snyder intended Nite Owl to look scarier,[81] and made Ozymandias' armor into a parody of the rubber muscle suits from 1997's Batman & Robin.[15] After the trailer to the film premiered in July 2008, DC Comics president Paul Levitz said due to the subsequent demand for copies of Watchmen, the company has printed more than 900,000 copies of the trade collection, with the total annual print run expected to be over one million copies.[84] The film is scheduled for release in March 2009. The Tales of the Black Freighter segments will be adapted as a direct-to-video animated feature to be released on March 11, 2009.[85] Gerard Butler, who starred in 300, voices the Captain in the film.[86] The film itself is scheduled to be released on DVD four months after Tales of the Black Freighter, and Warner Bros. is speculated to be considering releasing an extended version, with the animated film edited back into the main picture.[85] Len Wein, the comic's editor, wrote a video game prequel entitled Watchmen: The End is Nigh.[87]

Dave Gibbons became an adviser on Snyder's film, but Moore has refused to have his name attached to any film adaptations of his work.[88] Moore has stated he has no interest in seeing Snyder's adaptation; he told Entertainment Weekly in 2008, "There are things that we did with Watchmen that could only work in a comic, and were indeed designed to show off things that other media can't".[89] While Moore believes that David Hayter's screenplay was "as close as I could imagine anyone getting to Watchmen," he asserted he did not intend to see the film if it were made.[90]

[edit] References

    * Eury, Michael; Giordano, Dick. Dick Giordano: Changing Comics, One Day at a Time. TwoMorrows Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1893905276
    * Groensteen, Thierry. The System of Comics. University Press of Mississippi, 2007. ISBN 1-57806-925-5
    * Harvey, Robert C. The Art of the Comic Book: An Aesthetic History. University Press of Mississippi, 1996. ISBN 0878057587
    * Klock, Geoff. How to Read Superhero Comics and Why. Continuum, 2002. ISBN 0-8264-1419-2
    * Salisbury, Mark (editor). Artists on Comics Art. Titan Books, 2000. ISBN 1-84023-186-6
    * Reynolds, Richard. Super Heroes: A Modern Mythology. B. T. Batsford Ltd, 1992. ISBN 0-7134-6560-3
    * Sabin, Roger. Comics, Comix and Graphic Novels. Phaidon Press, 1996; 2001. ISBN 0-7148-3993-0
    * Thomson, Iain. "Deconstructing the Hero". Comics As Philosophy. Jeff McLaughlin (editor). University Press of Mississippi, 2005. ISBN 1-57806-794-4
    * Wright, Bradford W. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Johns Hopkins, 2001. ISBN 0-8018-7450-5

[edit] Notes

   1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cooke, Jon B. "Alan Moore discusses the Charlton-Watchmen Connection". Comic Book Artist. August 2000. Retrieved on October 8, 2008.
   2. ^ a b c Eury; Giordano, p. 124
   3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "A Portal to Another Dimension". The Comics Journal. July 1987.
   4. ^ a b c d Jensen, Jeff. "Watchmen: An Oral History (2 of 6)". Entertainment Weekly. Oct 21, 2005. Retrieved on May 28, 2006.
   5. ^ "Watching the Watchmen." TitanBooks. 2008. Retrieved on October 15, 2008.
   6. ^ Eury; Giordano, p. 110
   7. ^ Kavanagh, Barry. "The Alan Moore Interview: Watchmen characters". Blather.net. October 17, 2000. Retrieved on October 14, 2008.
   8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Eno, Vincent; El Csawza. "Vincent Eno and El Csawza meet comics megastar Alan Moore". Strange Things Are Happening. May/June 1988.
   9. ^ a b c "Illustrating Watchmen". WatchmenComicMovie. October 23, 2008. Retrieved on October 28, 2008.
  10. ^ a b c Heintjes, Tom. "Alan Moore On (Just About) Everything". The Comics Journal. March 1986.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Jensen, Jeff. "Watchmen: An Oral History (3 of 6)". Entertainment Weekly. Oct 21, 2005. Retrieved on October 8, 2008.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stewart, Bhob. "Synchronicity and Symmetry". The Comics Journal. July 1987.
  13. ^ a b c d Amaya, Erik. "Len Wein: Watching the Watchmen". Comic Book Resources. September 30, 2008. Retrieved on October 3, 2008.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Stewart, Bhob. "Dave Gibbons: Pebbles in a Landscape". The Comics Journal. July 1987.
  15. ^ a b c d e Young, Thom. "Watching the Watchmen with Dave Gibbons: An Interview". Comics Bulletin. 2008. Retrieved on December 12, 2008.
  16. ^ Wright, p. 271
  17. ^ a b Wright, p. 272
  18. ^ a b c Reynolds, p. 106
  19. ^ "Watchmen Secrets Revealed". WatchmenComicMovie. November 3, 2008. Retrieved on November 5, 2008.
  20. ^ a b Kallies, Christy. "Under the Hood: Dave Gibbons". SequentialTart. July 1999. Retrieved on October 12, 2008
  21. ^ Reynolds, p. 32
  22. ^ Klock, p. 66
  23. ^ a b Reynolds, p. 110
  24. ^ "Talking With Dave Gibbons". WatchmenComicMovie. October 16, 2008. Retrieved on October 28, 2008.
  25. ^ Wright, p. 272-73
  26. ^ a b Salisbury, p. 82
  27. ^ a b Salisbury, p. 77
  28. ^ a b c Salisbury, p. 80
  29. ^ Salisbury, p. 77-80
  30. ^ a b c Kavanagh,, Barry. "The Alan Moore Interview: Watchmen, microcosms and details". Blather.net. October 17, 2000. Retrieved on October 14, 2008.
  31. ^ Salisbury, p. 80-82
  32. ^ Reynolds, p. 110
  33. ^ Reynolds, p. 111
  34. ^ Groensteen, p. 152, 155
  35. ^ Whiston, Daniel. "The Craft". EngineComics.co.uk. January 2005. Retrieved on October 14, 2008.
  36. ^ a b Wright, p. 273
  37. ^ Thomson, p. 101
  38. ^ Thomson, p. 108
  39. ^ Thomson, p. 109
  40. ^ Thomson, p. 111
  41. ^ Reynolds, p. 115
  42. ^ Reynolds, p. 117
  43. ^ Klock, p. 25-26
  44. ^ Klock, p.63
  45. ^ Klock, p. 65
  46. ^ Klock, p. 75
  47. ^ Robinson, Tasha. "Interviews: Alan Moore". AVClub. June 25, 2003. Retrieved on October 15, 2008.
  48. ^ Salisbury, p. 96
  49. ^ Duin, Steve and Richardson, Mike. Comics: Between the Panels. Dark Horse Comics, 1998. ISBN 1-56971-344-8, p. 460-61
  50. ^ Gomez, Jeffrey. "Who Watches the Watchmen?". Gateways. June 1987.
  51. ^ Sabin, p. 165
  52. ^ Sabin, p. 165-167
  53. ^ Wolk, Douglas. "20 Years Watching the Watchmen". PublishersWeekly. October 18, 2005. Retrieved on October 13, 2008.
  54. ^ Marshall, Rick. "New 'Watchmen' Motion Comic Hits iTunes Next Week". MTV. October 1, 2008. Retrieved on October 13, 2008.
  55. ^ Watchmen issue #1 reprint, DC Comics. Retrieved on December 16, 2008.
  56. ^ Cocks, Jay. "The Passing of Pow! and Blam!" (2 0f 2). Time. January 25, 1988. Retrieved on September 19, 2008.
  57. ^ 1988 Hugo Awards. The HugoAwards. Retrieved on September 22, 2008.
  58. ^ Harvey, p. 150
  59. ^ Itzkoff, Dave. "Behind the Mask." The New York Times. November 20, 2005. Retrieved on September 19, 2008.
  60. ^ The Comics Journal staff and writers. "The Comic Journal's Top 100 English-Language Comics of the 20th Century". The Comics Journal. February 15, 1999. Retrieved on September 24, 2008.
  61. ^ Arnold, Andrew D. All-TIME Graphic Novels. Time. Retrieved on September 24, 2008.
  62. ^ Grossman, Lev. "Watchmen - ALL-TIME 100 Novels". Time. Retrieved on Ocotober 7, 2008.
  63. ^ "The New Classics: Books". Entertainment Weekly. June 27/July 4, 2008.
  64. ^ a b Itzkoff, Dave. "The Vendetta Behind 'V for Vendetta'". The New York Times. March 12, 2006. Retrieved on October 7, 2008.
  65. ^ "Moore Leaves the Watchmen 15th anniversary plans". Newsarama. August 2000. Retrieved on October 7, 2008.
  66. ^ St-Louis, Hervé. "Watchmen Action Figures – Controversies and Fulfilment". ComicBookBin August 18, 2008. Retrieved on December 24, 2008.
  67. ^ Thompson, Anne. "Filmmakers intent on producing new comic-book movies". Sun-Sentinel. August, 26, 1986.
  68. ^ a b c d Hughes, David. "Who Watches the Watchmen? - How The Greatest Graphic Novel of Them All Confounded Hollywood". The Greatest Sci-Fi Movies Never Made. Chicago Review Press, 2002. ISBN 1556524498, p. 144
  69. ^ Cieply, Michael. "Battle Over 'Watchmen' Surrounds a Producer". The New York Times. September 20, 2008. Retrieved on September 20, 2008.
  70. ^ "Python Won't Bite For Watchmen". EmpireOnline. November 13, 2000. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.}
  71. ^ Plume, Kenneth "Interview with Terry Gilliam (Part 3 of 4)". IGN. November 17, 2000. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  72. ^ Stax. "David Hayter Watches The Watchmen". IGN. October 27, 2001. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  73. ^ Kit, Borys. "'Watchmen' on Duty at Warner Bros." TheBookStandard. December 19, 2005. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  74. ^ Linder, Brian. "Aronofksy Still Watching Watchmen". IGN. July 23, 2004. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  75. ^ Kit, Borys. "Watchmen unmasked for Par, Aronofsky". HollywoodReporter. July 23, 2004. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  76. ^ Kit, Borys; Foreman, Liza. "Greengrass, Par on Watchmen". HollywoodReporter. November 22, 2004. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  77. ^ "Someone To Watch Over Watchmen". EmpireOnline. June 7, 2005. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  78. ^ Stax. "Watchmen Resurrected?". IGN. October 25, 2005. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  79. ^ Sanchez, Robert. "Exclusive Interview: Zack Snyder Is Kickin' Ass With 300 and Watchmen!". IESB.net. February 13, 2007. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  80. ^ Ellwood, Gregory. "World awaits Watchmen". Variety. July 18, 2006. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.
  81. ^ a b Weiland, Jonah. "300 Post-Game: One-On-One With Zack Snyder". ComicBookResources. March 14, 2007. March 16, 2007.
  82. ^ Davis, Erik. "Cinematical Watches The 'Watchmen'". Cinematical October 7, 2008. Retrieved on October 7, 2008
  83. ^ Jensen, Jeff. "'Watchmen': An Exclusive First Look". Entertainment Weekly. July, 17, 2008 Retrieved on July 17, 2008.
  84. ^ Gustines, George Gene. "Film Trailer Aids Sales of 'Watchmen' Novel". The New York Times. August 13, 2008. Retrieved on September 24, 2008.
  85. ^ a b Barnes, Brooks. "Warner Tries a New Tactic to Revive Its DVD Sales". The New York Times. May 26, 2008. Retrieved on May 26, 2008.
  86. ^ Hewitt, Chris. "Gerard Butler Talks Black Freighter". EmpireOnline. February 28, 2008. Retrieved on February 28, 2008.
  87. ^ Totilo, Stephen. "'Watchmen' Video Game Preview: Rorschach And Nite Owl Star In Subversive Prequel Set In 1970s. MTV. July 23, 2008. Retrieved on December 24, 2008.
  88. ^ MacDonald, Heidi. "Moore Leaves DC for Top Shelf". PublishersWeekly. May 30, 2005. Retrieved on April 15, 2006.
  89. ^ Gopalan, Nisha. "Alan Moore Still Knows the Score!" Entertainment Weekly. July 16, 2008. Retrieved on September 22, 2008.
  90. ^ Jensen, Jeff. "Watchmen: An Oral History (5 of 6)". Entertainment Weekly. Oct 21, 2005. Retrieved on October 8, 2008.

[edit] External links
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LezLo Lindsay Lohan Is Looking Scary Skinny

Lindsay Lohan Is Looking Scary Skinny!
Lindsay Lohan > Fashion Smashion > saMAN Ronson


So either Lindsay is on the Drew Barrymore tongue ring diet, or she and saMAN gave each other eight balls for Valentine's Day.

The couple who blows together makes a no show together?

LezLo showed up to the Matthew Williamson New York store opening Sunday night looking reminiscent of her hard-pAArtying DUI days.

With that extreme push-up bra she looks a little Posh Spice, but bitch can only dream of being so fierce!

Penthouse Pets Models who have appeared in Penthouse magazine

 List of Penthouse Pets Models who have appeared in Penthouse magazine.  
 Contents    Alphabetical Order (by first name)  A  *
 Adrian King Pet of the Month December 1976 *
 Aimee Sweet Pet of the Month August 1998 *
 Alex Arden Pet of the Month August 1998 - Pet of the Month July 2001 *
 Alex Taylor Pet of the Month August 1994 *
 Alexa Lauren Pet of the Month September 1999 *
 Alexandria Karlsen Pet of the Month July 2006 *
 Alexis Christian Pet of the Month November 1992 *
 Alexus Winston Pet of the Month November 1999 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up for 2000 *
 Alicia Justin Pet of the Month June 1974 *
 Amber Ramsey Pet of the Month December 1978 *
 Amber Michaels Pet of the Month November 2005 *
 Amy Lynn Baxter Pet of the Month June 1990 *
 Anais Alexander Pet of the Month November 2003 *
 Andi Bruce Pet of the Month August 1987 *
 Andi Leigh Pet of the Month May 1985 *
 Andi Sue Irwin Pet of the Month January 1996 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1995 *
 Andrea Kurtz Pet of the Month May 1997 *
 Andrea Mountjoy Pet of the Month April 1994 *
 Aneliese Nesbitt Pet of the Month January 1989 *
 Aneta Smrhova Pet of the Month December 2003 *
 Angela Adams Pet of the Month November 1972 *
 Angela Giovanni Pet of the Month June 1981 *
 Angela Hyer Pet of the Month May 1978 *
 Angela Marie Mineo Pet of the Month December 1984 *
 Angela Nicholas Pet of the Month August 1985 *
 Angelica Costello (aka Venus) Pet of the Month June 1999 *
 Anita Blond *
 Anita Rinaldi Pet of the Month March 1998 *
 Anja Josefsen Pet of the Month December 1992 *
 Anna Grimwood Pet of the Month June 1976 *
 Anne Peters Pet of the Month October 1975 *
 Anneka Di Lorenzo Pet of the Month September 1973 *
 Annie Hockersmith Pet of the Month April 1980 *
 Antonia Larsen Pet of the Month February 1984 *
 Aria Giovanni Pet of the Month September 2000 *
 Ashley Roberts Pet of the Month December 2004 *
 Ashley Williams Pet of the Month September 1995 *
 Ava Gallay Pet of the Month May 1975 *
 Ava Monet Pet of the Month December 1980 *
 Ava Vincent Pet of the Month August 2001 *
 Avery Adams Pet of the Month February 2005 *
 Avril Lund Pet of the Month March 1973  B  *
 Barbara Ann Pet of the Month July 1978 *
 Barbara Corser Pet of the Month August 1977 *
 Barbie Ashton Pet of the Month November 1990 *
 Barbie Lewis Pet of the Month July 1974 *
 Beatrice Vogler Pet of the Month February 1974 *
 Bella Starr Pet of the Month December 2005 *
 Benedikte Andersen Pet of the Month May 1970 *
 Beth Snyder Pet of the Month November 1986 *
 Betsy Dobson Pet of the Month November 1980 *
 Betsy Harris Pet of the Month February 1977 *
 Billie Deane Pet of the Month March 1972 *
 Billie Rainbird Pet of the Month May 1971 *
 Bobbi Eden (Dutch Penthouse) *
 Bonita Saint ( Bo Saint ) Pet of the Month January 1994 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1995 *
 Bonnie Dee (Wilson) Pet of the Month November 1975 *
 Brande Howard Pet of the Month May 1974 *
 Brandi Lee Braxton Pet of the Month December 1994 *
 Brandy O Pet of the Month March 1990 *
 Brea Lynn Pet of the Month November 2006 *
 Brenda Holliday Pet of the Month February 1981 *
 Briana Banks Pet of the Month June 2001 *
 Briana Nickles Pet of the Month April 1995 *
 Brieanna Bujold Pet of the Month May 1979 *
 Brigitta Kocsis Pet of the Month May 2004 *
 Britt Lindberg Pet of the Month June 1970 *
 Brittany Dane Pet of the Month February 1985 *
 Brittany Mays *
 Brittany Morgan Pet of the Month March 1987  C  *
 Carina Ragnarsson Pet of the Month November 1985 *
 Carmen Pope Pet of the Month March 1978 & January 1983 *
 Carole Augustine Pet of the Month February 1972 *
 Carolyn Bosanko Pet of the Month March 1985 *
 Carolyn Patsis Pet of the Month November 1976 *
 Carrie Nelson Pet of the Month January 1978 *
 Cassandra Harrington Pet of the Month February 1971 *
 Cassia Riley Pet of the Month April 2005 - Pet of the year Runner-Up 2006 *
 Cat Daniels Pet of the Month February 1999 *
 Cathy Green Pet of the Month December 1974 *
 Celeste Jean Pet of the Month July 1996 *
 Celeste Star Pet of the Month July 2005 *
 Chanel Pet of the Month October 1992 *
 Chantelle fontain Pet of the Month September 2003 *
 Charlie Laine Pet of the Month February 2006 *
 Cher (adult model) (aka Jewel (actress), aka Veronica Sage) Pet of the Month November 1995 *
 Cheryl Rixon Pet of the Month December 1977, Pet of the Year 1979 *
 Cheyenne Silver Pet of the Month December 2001 *
 Chloe Jones Pet of the Month April 1998 *
 Christianna Pet of the Month June 1984 *
 Christine Davray Pet of the Month July 1977 *
 Christine Dupre Pet of the Month September 1985 *
 Cindy McDee Pet of the Month July 1973 *
 Clara Morgane Pet of the Month May 2002 *
 Claudia Arena Pet of the Month January 1974 *
 Claudia Loveno Pet of the Month August 1999 *
 Cody Carmack Pet of the Month January 1984, Pet of the Year 1986 *
 Connie Gauthier Pet of the Month June 1987 *
 Connie Lynn Hadden Pet of the Month October 1981 *
 Corinne Alphen Pet of the Month June 1978 & August 1981, Pet of the Year 1982 *
 Courtney Taylor Pet of the Month March 2002 *
 Cristi Taylor Pet of the Month April 2000 *
 Crystal Klein Pet of the Month March 2005 *
 Cynthia Gaynor Pet of the Month October 1977 *
 Cynthia Peterson Pet of the Month September 1981  D  *
 Dakotah Summers (aka Melissa Wolf) Pet of the Month July 1994 *
 Dallas Roddy Pet of the Month May 1986 *
 Danielle Deneux Pet of the Month June 1980, Pet of the Year 1981 *
 Danielle Ginibre Pet of the Month November 1979 *
 Darina Vanickova Pet of the Month May 1995 - Czech Republic's Pet of the Year *
 Dawn Shaw Pet of the Month September 1976 *
 Dayna Ann Pet of the Month June 1997 *
 Debbie Griffin Pet of the Month November 1973 *
 Debbie Tays Pet of the Month August 1984 *
 Debora Zullo Pet of the Month November 1977 *
 Deborah Laufer Pet of the Month November 1988 *
 Delfina Ponti Pet of the Month March 1981 *
 Delia Cosner Pet of the Month September 1980 *
 Delia Sheppard Pet of the Month April 1988 *
 Devinn Lane Pet of the Month October 1999 *
 Devon Pet of the Month January 2001 *
 Diana Van Gils Pet of the Month October 1989 *
 Diana Van Laar Pet of the Month December 1990 *
 Diane (aka Sunset Thomas) Pet of the Month March 1996 *
 Diane Weber Pet of the Month August 1979 *
 Dianne Jamison Pet of the Month August 1980 *
 Divina Celeste Pet of the Month February 1982 *
 Dominique Dane Pet of the Month February 2003 *
 Dominique Maure Pet of the Month June 1977, Pet of the Year 1978 *
 Dominique St. Croix Pet of the Month April 1986 *
 Donna Barnes Pet of the Month August 1982 *
 Dusty Jackson Pet of the Month January 1979 *
 Dyanna Lauren Pet of the Month July 1995  E - F - G  *
 Elena Gilbert Pet of the Month July 1997 *
 Elizabeth Hilden Pet of the Month June 1995 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1996 - Pet of the Year for 1997 *
 Emerald Heart Pet of the Month January 1996 *
 Emma Nixon Pet of the Month February 1995 *
 Erica Ellyson Pet of the Month January 2007 *
 Eva Major Pet of the Month January 1998 *
 Evelyn Treacher Pet of the Month September 1969 *
 Fasha Pet of the Month April 1985 *
 Franca Petrov Pet of the Month November 1970 *
 Francis Cannon Pet of the Month October 1973 *
 Francoise Pascal Pet of the Month August 1970 *
 Gina LaMarca Pet of the Month May 1993 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1994 - Pet of the Year 1995 *
 Gina Austin Pet of the Month September 2005 *
 Ginger Jolie Pet of the Month September 2004 *
 Ginger Miller Pet of the Month September 1986, Pet of the Year 1989 *
 Greta Anderson Pet of the Month March 1983  H  *
 Hanna Hilton Pet of the Month December 2006 *
 Hannah Harper Pet of the Month April 2002 *
 Heather Kelly Pet of the Month April 1997 *
 Heather St. James Pet of the Month December 1996 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1998 *
 Heather Vandeven Pet of the Month January 2006 *
 Heidi Lynne (aka Heidi Staley) Pet of the Month October 1994 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1996 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up March 1997 IMDb *
 Helen Caunt Pet of the Month October 1971 *
 Helen Lang Pet of the Month July 1976 *
 Holly-O Pet of the Month May 1984 *
 Hyapatia Lee September 1984  I - J  *
 Ilse Hasek Pet of the Month March 1970 *
 Isabella "Concetta" Ardigo Pet of the Month April 1979, Pet of the Year 1980 *
 Isabel Garcia Orobiyi Pet of the Month September 1972 *
 Jacqueline Phillips Pet of the Month December 1999 *
 Jacqui De La Cruz Pet of the Month March 1988 *
 Jacquie Simmons-Jude Pet of the Month April 1971 *
 Jami Dion (aka Dahlia Grey) Pet of the Month March 1992 *
 Jamie Lynn Pet of the Month January 2005 *
 Jana Cova Pet of the Month April 2003 *
 Jane Felber Pet of the Month June 1982 *
 Jane Hargrave Pet of the Month July 1975, Britain's Pet of the Year 1976 *
 Janet Dunphy Pet of the Month October 1972 *
 Janet Pearce Pet of the Month December 1969 *
 Janet Sharpe Pet of the Month June 1983 *
 Janice Kane Pet of the Month September 1974 *
 Janine Lindemulder (aka Janine )Pet of the Month December 1987 - Pet of the Month Runner-Up for 1990 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1996 *
 Janna Adams Pet of the Month October 1986 *
 Jaqueline Winfield Pet of the Month April 1990 *
 Jasmine Pet of the Month May 1992 *
 Jassie Lewis Pet of the Month September 2002 (aka Jassie James as per [1]) *
 Jaycee West Pet of the Month July 1979 *
 Jean Carew Pet of the Month December 1991 *
 Jelena Jensen *
 Jenna Jameson Pet of the Month January 2004 *
 Jenna Persaud Pet of the Month April 1987 *
 Jennifer Emerson Pet of the Month March 2006 *
 Jennifer Furse Pet of the Month December 1970 *
 Jennifer James Pet of the Month October 1985 *
 Jennifer Zane Pet of the Month August 1978 *
 Jesse Capelli (Jessie Cappelli) Penthouse Pet of Month April 2004 *
 Jeri Lee (aka Terry Behrens) January 1977 *
 Jill Shawntai Pet of the Month December 1986 *
 Jisel (aka Brandy Ledford) Pet of the Month May 1990 - Pet of the Year for 1992 *
 Joann Witty (aka Priscilla Barnes) Pet of the Month March 1976 *
 Joanne Latham Pet of the Month September 1979 *
 Joanne Szmereta Pet of the Month February 1988 *
 Johnie Cheney Pet of the Month August 1990 *
 Jolanta Von Zmuda Pet of the Month March 1977 *
 Jordan West Pet of the Month August 2002 *
 Josee Troyat Pet of the Month June 1971 *
 Judi Gibbs Pet of the Month December 1979 *
 Judith Devine Pet of the Month February 2001 *
 Judy Jones Pet of the Month August 1971 *
 Julia Garvey Pet of the Month June 1996 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up for 1998 *
 Julia Hayes October 1991 *
 Julia Perrein Pet of the Month January 1982 *
 Julie Smith (Julie K. Smith Pet of the Month February 1993 IMDb *
 Julie Strain Pet of the Month June 1991 - Pet of the Year for 1993 *
 Juliet Cariaga (aka Leah Darby, aka Erica Lookadoo) Pet of the Month December 1997 - Pet of the Year for 2000 *
 Juliet Morris Pet of the Month January 1975  K  *
 K.C. Tyler Pet of the Month November 1999 *
 Kailina Pet of the Month August 1993 *
 Karen Sather Pet of the Month February 1973 *
 Karri Jacobs Pet of the Month January 2002 *
 Kate Simmons Pet of the Month September 1978 *
 Katherine Mannering Pet of the Month January 1970 *
 Katja Zajek Pet of the Month June 1989 *
 Kelle Marie Pet of the Month May 2001 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up for 2003 *
 Kelley Wild Pet of the Month May 1988 *
 Kelly Havel Pet of the Month June 1998 *
 Kelly Jackson (aka Racquel Darrian) Pet of the Month October 1990 *
 Kia Delao Pet of the Month April 1996 *
 Kimber Lee Pet of the Month March 2004 *
 Kimberley Rogers Pet of the Month October 2006 *
 Kimberly Taylor Pet of the Month December 1988 *
 Kira Kener Pet of the Month December 2002 *
 Kirsten Stewart (aka Kirsten Imrie) Pet of the Month December 1989 *
 Krista Ayne Pet of the Month April 2006 *
 Krista Pflanzer Pet of the Month July 1986 *
 Krista Simon Pet of the Month July 1983 *
 Kristen Knutsen Pet of the Month October 1980 *
 Kyla Cole Pet of the Month March 2000 *
 Kyli Ryan Pet of the Month February 2002  L  *
 Lale Hansen Pet of the Month November 1983 *
 Lanny Barbie Pet of the Month for June 2003 *
 Lari Jones Pet of the Month July 1982 *
 Laura Doone Pet of the Month October 1974, Pet of the Year 1976 *
 Laura Storm Pet of the Month February 1978 *
 Laurie L'Oranger Pet of the Month October 1982 *
 Laure Favie Pet of the Month January 1976 *
 Leah Maree Willis Pet of the Month March 1999 *
 Lee Ann Lee Pet of the Month September 1982 *
 Leigh Anderson Pet of the Month September 1994 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1996 *
 Lesley Harrison Pet of the Month July 1972 *
 Leslie Glass Pet of the Month February 1992 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up for 1994 *
 Leslie Leah Burrow Pet of the Month April 1973 *
 Levena Holmes Pet of the Month November 1995 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up February 1996 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1995 - *
 Lexie Leblanc Pet of the Month August 1995 *
 Lexus Locklear (aka Brandi) Pet of the Month May 1996 *
 Lilly Ann Pet of the Month March 2003 *
 Linda Johansen Pet of the Month September 1990 *
 Linda Johnson (PPM) Pet of the Month February 1987 *
 Linda Kenton Pet of the Month May 1983, Pet of the Year 1984 *
 Lindsey Ekert Pet of the Month February 1980 *
 Linn Thomas (former Playboy Playmate Lynn Thomas) Pet of the Month October 2000 *
 Lisa Aiton Pet of the Month August 1988 *
 Lisa Davies Pet of the Month June 1988 *
 Lisa Gayle Pet of the Month October 1996 *
 Lisa Mandoki Pet of the Month July 1987 *
 Lisa Renee Bradford Pet of the Month November 1987 *
 Lisa Schultz Pet of the Month December 1983 *
 Lola Anders Pet of the Month February 1989 *
 Lona Simpson Pet of the Month February 1975 *
 Loretta Ybarra Pet of the Month February 1983 *
 Lori Baker Pet of the Month December 1985 *
 Lottie Gunthart Pet of the Month March 1971 *
 Lucia St. Angelo Pet of the Month September 1977 *
 Lucie Theodorová Pet of the Month May 2005 *
 Lydia Schone Pet of the Month January 1995 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1996 *
 Lynda Clark (PPM) Pet of the Month June 1979 *
 Lynette Asquith Pet of the Month November 1971 *
 Lynn Carey Pet of the Month December 1972 *
 Lynn Johnson Pet of the Month September 1989 *
 Lynn Partington Pet of the Month December 1971 *
 Lynn Turner Pet of the Month March 1995  M  *
 Maggi Burton Pet of the Month January 1973 *
 Mahalia Maria Pet of the Month January 1991 *
 Malia Redford Pet of the Month November 1978 *
 Marcia Ruks Pet of the Month April 1984 *
 Margo Chapman Pet of the Month January 1987 *
 Marguerite Cordier Pet of the Month August 1975 *
 Marian Maylam Pet of the Month August 1972 *
 Marianne Gordon Pet of the Month April 1972 *
 Marie Duarte Pet of the Month July 1990 *
 Marie Ehlman Pet of the Month October 1984 *
 Marie Ekorre Pet of the Month March 1974 *
 Marilyn Connor Pet of the Month January 1977 *
 Mariwin Roberts Pet of the Month April 1978 *
 Martina Warren Pet of the Month January 2003, Pet of the Year 2005 *
 Martine Le Mauviel Pet of the Month February 1976 *
 Mary Bess Knight Pet of the Month March 1980 *
 Mason Marconi Pet of the Month October 1997 *
 Maureen Renzen Pet of the Month September 1971 *
 Megan Mason Pet of the Month July 2000 - Pet of the Year for 2002 *
 Melissa Ann Pet of the Month November 1998 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up for 2001 *
 Melissa Jacobs Pet of the Month October 2005 *
 Melissa Leigh Pet of the Month May 1987 *
 Melissa Ludwig Pet of the Month July 1999 *
 Melissa McGlathery Pet of the Month November 1983 *
 Melissa Starr Pet of the Month November 2001 *
 Melissa Wolf Pet of the Month June 1985 *
 Mercedes Lynn Pet of the Month November 2000 *
 Michelle Bauer (aka Pia Snow) Pet of the Month July 1981 *
 Michelle Ramos Pet of the Month September 2006 *
 Michelle Stevens Pet of the Month September 1975 *
 Michelle Tanner Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1994 *
 Michelle Walker Pet of the Month March 1986 *
 Micky Honsa Pet of the Month July 1988 *
 Miel Angel Pet of the Month May 1999 *
 Mignon May Champ Pet of the Month March 1994 *
 Mikki Brenner Pet of the Month *
 Mindy Farrar Pet of the Month November 1984, Pet of the Year 1987 *
 Monika Kaelin Pet of the Month May 1980 *
 Monique Gabrielle Pet of the Month December 1982 *
 Monique Hajkova Pet of the Month October 2002 *
 Monique Nobrega Pet of the Month February 1997 *
 Montana Bay Pet of the Month August 2004 *
 Muriel Rousseau Pet of the Month April 1982  N  *
 Nadia Vasi Pet of the Month July 2002 *
 Nadine Greenlaw Pet of the Month October 1983 *
 Nancy Sebastian Pet of the Month April 1974 *
 Nanna Gibson (aka Dina Jewel) Pet of the Month February 1998 *
 Natalia Cruze Pet of the Month November 2002 -Pet of the Year Runner Up for 2005 *
 Natalie Lennox Pet of the Month January 1993 *
 Natalie Smith Pet of the Month March 1993 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up March 1995 *
 Nevaeh Pet of the Month May 2006 *
 Nevenka Dundek Pet of the Month June 1972 *
 Nicole Marciano Pet of the Month January 2000 *
 Nicole Monrowe Pet of the Month November 1982 *
 Nicole Simmons Pet of the Month July 1992 *
 Nikie St. Gilles Pet of the Month March 1997 - Pet of the Year for 1999 *
 Nikita Pet of the Month July 1998 (aka Nikita Gross?) see pic on discussion page [2] *
 Nikki Anderson Pet of the Month May 2000 *
 Nikki Tyler Pet of the Month December 1995  O - P - Q  *
 Olivia Kent Pet of the Month August 2006 *
 Orchidea Keresztes Pet of the Month August 2000 *
 Paige Summers Pet of the Month June 1996 - Pet of the Year for 1998 *
 Pamela Peters Pet of the Month October 1991 *
 Pamela Petrokova Pet of the Month May 1998 *
 Pamela Rhodes Pet of the Month February 1979 *
 Paris Dahl Pet of the Month August 2005 *
 Patricia "Cherokee" Barrett Pet of the Month January 1972, Pet of the Year 1973 *
 Patty Mullen Pet of the Month August 1986, Pet of the Year 1988 *
 Paula Ann Wood Pet of the Month February 1984 *
 Paula Francis Pet of the Month June 1973 *
 Peach Pet of the month November 2004 *
 Phyliss Partin Pet of the Month July 1985 *
 Pipi (aka Stacy Moran, aka Sabrina Allen, aka Shauna Harris) Pet of the Month August 1994 *
 Polly Anne Pendleton Pet of the Month July 1970 *
 Prinzzess Pet of the Month October 2004  R  *
 Rachel Wesley Pet of the Month September 1983 *
 Rachelle Arnott Pet of the Month January 1997 *
 Racquel Darrian (aka Kelly Jackson) Pet of the Month October 1990 *
 Rebecca Hill Pet of the Month January 1985 *
 Renee Diaz Pet of the Month November 2005 *
 Robin Brown Pet of the Month April 1992 *
 Rocki Roads Pet of the Month September 1997 *
 Ronnie Dawn Pet of the Month May 1991 *
 Roxy Le Roux Pet of the Month August 1997 *
 Ryan Matthews Pet of the Month August 1991  S  *
 Sabrina West Pet of the Month February 1996 *
 Samantha Philips Pet of the Month June 1993 *
 Samantha Faye Pet of the Month July 1980 *
 Samantha Michaels Pet of the Month November 1996 *
 Samantha Stewart Pet of the Month January 1999 *
 Sandi Greco Pet of the Month May 1973 *
 Sandi Korn (aka Sandra Taylor) Pet of the Month March 1991 *
 Sandra Shine Pet of the Month August 2003 *
 Sandy Bernadou Pet of the Month April 1976 *
 Sandy Robertson Pet of the Month December 1973 *
 Sara Norton Pet of the Month August 1989 *
 Sarah Remington-Greaves Pet of the Month January 1986 *
 Sasha Vinni Pet of the Month September 1991, Pet of the Year January 1994 *
 Seana Ryan Pet of the Month September 1992 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1994 *
 Shana Ross Pet of the Month August 1983 *
 Shandra Leigh Pet of the Month October 1995 *
 Shannon Williams Pet of the Month November 1991 *
 Sharon Axley Pet of the Month March 1982 *
 Sharon Bailey Pet of the Month May 1972 *
 Sharon Fitzpatrick Pet of the Month April 1993, Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1994 *
 Sharon Longworth Pet of the Month November 1974 *
 Shasta Lindstrom Pet of the Month March 1979 *
 Shay Laren Pet of the Month June 2006 *
 Sheila Kennedy Pet of the Month December 1981 - Pet of the Year for 1983 *
 Sherry Moran Pet of the Month April 1981 *
 Shonna Lynne Pet of the Month April 1977 *
 Signe Berger Pet of the Month April 1975 *
 Silver Moon Pet of the Month July 2003 *
 Silvia Saint Pet of the Month October 1998 *
 Simone Brigitte Pet of the Month April 1989, Pet of the Year 1991 *
 Sonja McDaniel Pet of the Month May 1994 *
 Sonny Smith Pet of the Month May 1976 *
 Stacey Cameron Pet of the Month August 1974 *
 Stacey Lynn Pet of the Month January 1990 *
 Stacy Cole Pet of the Month July 1984 *
 Stacy Moran (aka Shauna Harris, aka Sabrina Allen, aka Pipi) Pet of the Month October 1993 *
 Stephanie Adams Pet of the Month January 1988 *
 Stephanie McLean Pet of the Month April 1970, Pet of the Year 1971 *
 Stephanie Page Pet of the Month September 1987, Pet of the Year 1990 *
 Stephanie Wood Pet of the Month September 2001 *
 Stevie Jean (aka Shauna O'Brien) Pet of the Month January 1992 *
 Stormy Daniels *
 Sunny Leone Pet of the Month March 2001 - Pet of the Year for 2003 *
 Sunny Woods Pet of the Month March 1989 *
 Susan Gabrielson Pet of the Month June 1986 *
 Susan Napoli Pet of the Month February 1986 *
 Susan Ryder Pet of the Month March 1975 *
 Susan Waide Pet of the Month December 1975 *
 Susanne Saxon Pet of the Month October 1976 *
 Suzette Spencer Pet of the Month December 2000 *
 Suzy Pet of the Month July 1989 *
 Suzee Pai Pet of the Month January 1981 [3] *
 Svetla Lubova Pet of the Month July 2004 *
 Swan *
 Sydney Moon  T  *
 Tamara Pet of the Month September 1998 *
 Tamara Kapitas (aka Carole Davis) Pet of the Month January 1980 *
 Tamara Santerra Pet of the Month February 1970 *
 Tami Hogen Pet of the Month October 1988 *
 Tammy Chapman Pet of the Month August 1992 *
 Tammy Hill Pet of the Month October 1979 *
 Tania Russof Pet of the Month September 1996 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1998 *
 Tara Jackson Pet of the Month February 1991 *
 Taylor Pet of the Month June 1994 *
 Teanna Kai Pet of the Month October 2001 *
 Teneil Pet of the Month July 1991 *
 Tera Patrick Pet of the Month February 2000 - Pet of the Year Runner-Up for 2003 *
 Teri Weigel May 1992 *
 Terri Lenee Peake Pet of the Month October 1987 *
 Terri Summers *
 Terry Armstrong Pet of the Month November 1981 *
 Terry Behrens (aka Jeri Lee) January 1977 *
 Theresa Presley Pet of the Month April 1991 *
 Tiffany Burlingame Pet of the Month February 1994 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1995 *
 Tina McDowall Pet of the Month September 1970, Pet of the Year 1972 *
 Traci Lords Pet of the Month September 1984 *
 Tracy Pet of the Month June 1992 *
 Twyla Martak Pet of the Month September 1988 *
 Tylar Jacobs Pet of the Month June 2004 *
 Tyler Reed Pet of the Month April 2001  U - V  *
 Ulla Lindstrom Pet of the Month November 1969 *
 Ute Hochmeister Pet of the Month May 1982 *
 Valentina Vaughn Pet of the Month June 2005 *
 Valerie Rae Clark Pet of the Month May 1977 *
 Vanessa Williams September 1984, November 1984, January 1985, April 1993 *
 Venesuela Pet of the Month May 1989 *
 Veronica Gillespie Pet of the Month November 1994 - Pet of the Year Play-Off June 1996 *
 Veronique de Valdene Pet of the Month October 1978 *
 Veronique Jolie Pet of the Month April 1983 *
 Vicca Pet of the Month December 1998 *
 Vicki Lynn Johnson Pet of the Month August 1976, Pet of the Year 1977 *
 Victoria Bonne Pet of the Month May 2003 *
 Victoria Zdrok Pet of the Month June 2002, Pet of the Year 2004 *
 Vida Farthing Pet of the Month July 1971 *
 Viva Helziger Pet of the Month January 1971  W - X - Y - Z  *
 Wendy Blodgett Pet of the Month June 1975 *
 Zdenka Podkapova Pet of the Month April 1999 - Pet of the Year for 2001  Chronological Order  Year 1969  *
 Pet of the Month September 1969 - Evelyn Treacher *
 Pet of the Month October 1969 - Kelly McQueen *
 Pet of the Month November 1969 - Ulla Lindstrom *
 Pet of the Month December 1969 - Janet Pearce *
 Pet of the Year 1969 - NIL Centerfold  Year 1970  *
 Pet of the Month January 1970 - Katherine Mannering *
 Pet of the Month February 1970 - Tamara Santerra *
 Pet of the Month March 1970 - Ilse Hasek *
 Pet of the Month April 1970 - Stephanie McLean *
 Pet of the Month May 1970 - Benedikte Andersen *
 Pet of the Month June 1970 - Britt Lindberg *
 Pet of the Month July 1970 - Polly Anne Pendleton *
 Pet of the Month August 1970 - Francoise Pascal *
 Pet of the Month September 1970 - Tina McDowall *
 Pet of the Month October 1970 - Heide Mann *
 Pet of the Month November 1970 - Franca Petrov *
 Pet of the Month December 1970 - Jennifer Furse *
 Pet of the Year 1970 - Evelyn Treacher  Year 1971  *
 Pet of the Month January 1971 - Viva Helziger *
 Pet of the Month February 1971 - Cassandra Harrington *
 Pet of the Month March 1971 - Lottie Gunthart *
 Pet of the Month April 1971 - Jacquie Simmons-Jude *
 Pet of the Month May 1971 - Billie Rainbird *
 Pet of the Month June 1971 - Josee Troyat *
 Pet of the Month July 1971 - Vida Farthing *
 Pet of the Month August 1971 - Judy Jones *
 Pet of the Month September 1971 - Maureen Renzen *
 Pet of the Month October 1971 - Helen Caunt *
 Pet of the Month November 1971 - Lynette Asquith *
 Pet of the Month December 1971 - Lynn Partington *
 Pet of the Year 1971 - Stephanie McLean  Year 1972  *
 Pet of the Month January 1972 - Patricia Barrett *
 Pet of the Month February 1972 - Carole Augustine *
 Pet of the Month March 1972 - Billie Deane *
 Pet of the Month April 1972 - Marianne Gordon *
 Pet of the Month May 1972 - Sharon Bailey *
 Pet of the Month June 1972 - Nevenka Dundek *
 Pet of the Month July 1972 - Lesley Harrison *
 Pet of the Month August 1972 - Marian Maylam *
 Pet of the Month September 1972 - Isobel Garcia Orobiyi *
 Pet of the Month October 1972 - Janet Dunphy *
 Pet of the Month November 1972 - Angela Adams *
 Pet of the Month December 1972 - Lynn Carey *
 Pet of the Year 1972 - Tina McDowall  Year 1973  *
 Pet of the Month January 1973 - Maggi Burton *
 Pet of the Month February 1973 - Karen Sather *
 Pet of the Month March 1973 - Avril Lund *
 Pet of the Month April 1973 - Leslie Leah Burrow *
 Pet of the Month May 1973 - Sandi Greco *
 Pet of the Month June 1973 - Paula Francis *
 Pet of the Month July 1973 - Cindy McDee *
 Pet of the Month August 1973 - Lane Jackson Coyle *
 Pet of the Month September 1973 - Anneka De Lorenzo *
 Pet of the Month October 1973 - Francis Canon *
 Pet of the Month November 1973 - Debbie Griffin *
 Pet of the Month December 1973 - Sandy Robertson *
 Pet of the Year 1973 - Patricia Barrett  Year 1974  *
 Pet of the Month January 1974 - Claudia Arena *
 Pet of the Month February 1974 - Beatrice Vogler *
 Pet of the Month March 1974 - Marie Ekorre *
 Pet of the Month April 1974 - Nancy Sebastian *
 Pet of the Month May 1974 - Brande Howard *
 Pet of the Month June 1974 - Alicia Justin *
 Pet of the Month July 1974 - Barbie Lewis *
 Pet of the Month August 1974 - Stacey Cameron *
 Pet of the Month September 1974 - Janice Kane *
 Pet of the Month October 1974 - Laura Bennett Doone *
 Pet of the Month November 1974 - Sharon Longworth *
 Pet of the Month December 1974 - Cathy Green *
 Pet of the Year 1974 - Avril Lund  Year 1975  *
 Pet of the Month January 1975 - Juliet Morris *
 Pet of the Month February 1975 - Lona Simpson *
 Pet of the Month March 1975 - Susan Ryder *
 Pet of the Month April 1975 - Signe Berger *
 Pet of the Month May 1975 - Ava Gallay *
 Pet of the Month June 1975 - Wendy Blodgett *
 Pet of the Month July 1975 - Jane Hargrave *
 Pet of the Month August 1975 - Marguerite Cordier *
 Pet of the Month September 1975 - Michelle Stevens *
 Pet of the Month October 1975 - Anne Peters *
 Pet of the Month November 1975 - Bonnie Dee Wilson *
 Pet of the Month December 1975 - Susan Waide *
 Pet of the Year 1975 - Anneka De Lorenzo  Year 1976  *
 Pet of the Month January 1976 - Laure Favie *
 Pet of the Month February 1976 - Martine Le Mauviel *
 Pet of the Month March 1976 - Joann Witty *
 Pet of the Month April 1976 - Sandy Bernadou *
 Pet of the Month May 1976 - Sonny Smith *
 Pet of the Month June 1976 - Anna Grimwood *
 Pet of the Month July 1976 - Helen Lang *
 Pet of the Month August 1976 - Vicki Lynn Johnson *
 Pet of the Month September 1976 - Dawn Shaw *
 Pet of the Month October 1976 - Susanne Saxon *
 Pet of the Month November 1976 - Carolyn Patsis *
 Pet of the Month December 1976 - Adrian King *
 Pet of the Year 1976 - Laura Bennett Doone  Year 1977  *
 Pet of the Month January 1977 - Marilyn Connor *
 Pet of the Month February 1977 - Betsy Harris *
 Pet of the Month March 1977 - Jolanta Von Zmuda *
 Pet of the Month April 1977 - Shonna Lynne *
 Pet of the Month May 1977 - Valerie Rae Clark *
 Pet of the Month June 1977 - Dominique Maure *
 Pet of the Month July 1977 - Christine Davray *
 Pet of the Month August 1977 - Barbara Corser *
 Pet of the Month September 1977 - Lucia St. Angelo *
 Pet of the Month October 1977 - Cynthis Gaynor *
 Pet of the Month November 1977 - Debora Zullo *
 Pet of the Month December 1977 - Cheryl Rixon *
 Pet of the Year 1977 - Vicki Lynn Johnson  Year 1978  *
 Pet of the Month January 1978 - Carrie Nelson *
 Pet of the Month February 1978 - Laura Storm *
 Pet of the Month March 1978 - Carmen Pope *
 Pet of the Month April 1978 - Mariwin Roberts *
 Pet of the Month May 1978 - Angela Hyer *
 Pet of the Month June 1978 - Corinne Alphen *
 Pet of the Month July 1978 - Barbara Ann *
 Pet of the Month August 1978 - Jennifer Zane *
 Pet of the Month September 1978 - Kate Simmons *
 Pet of the Month October 1978 - Veronique de Valdene *
 Pet of the Month November 1978 - Malia Redford *
 Pet of the Month December 1978 - Amber Ramsey *
 Pet of the Year 1978 - Dominique Maure  Year 1979  *
 Pet of the Month January 1979 - Dusty Jackson *
 Pet of the Month February 1979 - Pamela Rhodes *
 Pet of the Month March 1979 - Shasta Lindstrom *
 Pet of the Month April 1979 - Isabella "Concetta" Ardigo *
 Pet of the Month May 1979 - Brieanna Bujold *
 Pet of the Month June 1979 - Lynda Clark (PPM) *
 Pet of the Month July 1979 - Jaycee West *
 Pet of the Month August 1979 - Diane Weber *
 Pet of the Month September 1979 - Joanne Latham *
 Pet of the Month October 1979 - Tammy Hill *
 Pet of the Month November 1979 - Danielle Ginibre *
 Pet of the Month December 1979 - Judi Gibbs *
 Pet of the Year 1979 - Cheryl Rixon  Year 1980  *
 Pet of the Month January 1980 - Tamara Kapitas Cheryl Rixon(Cover) *
 Pet of the Month February 1980 - Lindsay Ekert *
 Pet of the Month March 1980 - Mary Bess Knight *
 Pet of the Month April 1980 - Annie Hockersmith *
 Pet of the Month May 1980 - Monika Kaelin *
 Pet of the Month June 1980 - Danielle Deneux *
 Pet of the Month July 1980 - Samantha Faye *
 Pet of the Month August 1980 - Dianne Jamison *
 Pet of the Month September 1980 - Delia Cosner *
 Pet of the Month October 1980 - Kristen Knutsen *
 Pet of the Month November 1980 - Betsy Dobson *
 Pet of the Month December 1980 - Ava Monet *
 Pet of the Year 1980 - Isabella "Concetta" Ardigo  Year 1981  *
 Pet of the Month January 1981 - Suzee *
 Pet of the Month February 1981 - Brenda Holliday *
 Pet of the Month March 1981 - Delfina Ponti *
 Pet of the Month April 1981 - Sherry Moran *
 Pet of the Month May 1981 - Cody Carmack *
 Pet of the Month June 1981 - Angela Giovanni *
 Pet of the Month July 1981 - Michelle Bauer *
 Pet of the Month August 1981 - Corinne Alphen *
 Pet of the Month September 1981 - Cynthia Peterson *
 Pet of the Month October 1981 - Connie Lynn Hadden *
 Pet of the Month November 1981 - Terry Armstrong *
 Pet of the Month December 1981 - Sheila Kennedy *
 Pet of the Year 1981 - Danielle Deneux  Year 1982  *
 Pet of the Month January 1982 - Julia Perrein *
 Pet of the Month February 1982 - Divina Celeste *
 Pet of the Month March 1982 - Sharon Axley *
 Pet of the Month April 1982 - Muriel Rousseau *
 Pet of the Month May 1982 - Ute Hochmeister *
 Pet of the Month June 1982 - Jane Felber *
 Pet of the Month July 1982 - Lari Jones *
 Pet of the Month August 1982 - Donna Barnes *
 Pet of the Month September 1982 - Lee Ann Lee *
 Pet of the Month October 1982 - Laurie L'Oranger *
 Pet of the Month November 1982 - Nicole Monrowe *
 Pet of the Month December 1982 - Monique Gabrielle *
 Pet of the Year 1982 - Corinne Alphen  Year 1983  *
 Pet of the Month January 1983 - Carmen Pope *
 Pet of the Month February 1983 - Loretta Ybarra *
 Pet of the Month March 1983 - Greta Anderson *
 Pet of the Month April 1983 - Veronique Jolie *
 Pet of the Month May 1983 - Linda Kenton *
 Pet of the Month June 1983 - Janet Sharpe *
 Pet of the Month July 1983 - Krista Simon *
 Pet of the Month August 1983 - Shana Ross *
 Pet of the Month September 1983 - Rachel Wesley *
 Pet of the Month October 1983 - Nadine Greenlaw *
 Pet of the Month November 1983 - Lale Hansen *
 Pet of the Month December 1983 - Lisa Schultz *
 Pet of the Year 1983 - Sheila Kennedy  Year 1984  *
 Pet of the Month January 1984 - Cody Carmack *
 Pet of the Month February 1984 - Antonia Larsen *
 Pet of the Month February 1984 - Paula Ann Wood *
 Pet of the Month April 1984 - Marcia Ruks *
 Pet of the Month May 1984 - Holly-O *
 Pet of the Month June 1984 - Christianna *
 Pet of the Month July 1984 - Stacy Cole *
 Pet of the Month August 1984 - Debbie Tays *
 Pet of the Month September 1984 - Traci Lords *
 Pet of the Month October 1984 - Marie Ehlman *
 Pet of the Month November 1984 - Mindy Farrar *
 Pet of the Month December 1984 - Angela Marie Mineo *
 Pet of the Year 1984 - Linda Kenton  Year 1985  *
 Pet of the Month January 1985 - Rebecca Hill *
 Pet of the Month February 1985 - Brittany Dane *
 Pet of the Month March 1985 - Carolyn Bosanko *
 Pet of the Month April 1985 - Fasha *
 Pet of the Month May 1985 - Andi Leigh *
 Pet of the Month June 1985 - Melissa Wolf *
 Pet of the Month July 1985 - Phyliss Partin *
 Pet of the Month August 1985 - Angela Nicholas *
 Pet of the Month September 1985 - Christine Dupre *
 Pet of the Month October 1985 - Jennifer James *
 Pet of the Month November 1985 - Carina Ragnarsson *
 Pet of the Month December 1985 - Lori Baker  Year 1986  *
 Pet of the Month January 1986 - Sarah Remington-Graves *
 Pet of the Month February 1986 - Susan Napoli *
 Pet of the Month March 1986 - Michelle Walker *
 Pet of the Month April 1986 - Dominique St. Coix *
 Pet of the Month May 1986 - Dallas Roddy *
 Pet of the Month June 1986 - Susan Gabrielson *
 Pet of the Month July 1986 - Krista Pflanzer *
 Pet of the Month August 1986 - Patty Mullen *
 Pet of the Month September 1986 - Ginger Miller *
 Pet of the Month October 1986 - Janna Adams *
 Pet of the Month November 1986 - Beth Snyder *
 Pet of the Month December 1986 - Jill Shawntai *
 Pet of the Year 1986 - Cody Carmack  Year 1987  *
 Pet of the Month January 1987 - Margo Chapman *
 Pet of the Month February 1987 - Linda Johnson (PPM) *
 Pet of the Month March 1987 - Brittany Morgan *
 Pet of the Month April 1987 - Jenna Persaud *
 Pet of the Month May 1987 - Melissa Leigh *
 Pet of the Month June 1987 - Connie Gauthier *
 Pet of the Month July 1987 - Lisa Mandoki *
 Pet of the Month August 1987 - Andi Bruce *
 Pet of the Month September 1987 - Stephanie Page *
 Pet of the Month October 1987 - Terri Lenee Peake *
 Pet of the Month November 1987 - Lisa Bradford *
 Pet of the Month December 1987 - Janine Lindemulder *
 Pet of the Year 1987 - Mindy Farrar  Year 1988  *
 Pet of the Month January 1988 - Stephanie Adams *
 Pet of the Month February 1988 - Joanne Szmereta *
 Pet of the Month March 1988 - Jacqui De La Cruz *
 Pet of the Month April 1988 - Delia Sheppard *
 Pet of the Month May 1988 - Kelley Wild *
 Pet of the Month June 1988 - Lisa Davies *
 Pet of the Month July 1988 - Micky Honsa *
 Pet of the Month August 1988 - Lisa Aiton *
 Pet of the Month September 1988 - Twyla Martak *
 Pet of the Month October 1988 - Tami Hogen *
 Pet of the Month November 1988 - Deborah Laufer *
 Pet of the Month December 1988 - Kimberly Taylor *
 Pet of the Year 1988 - Patty Mullen  Year 1989  *
 Pet of the Month January 1989 - Aneliese Nesbitt *
 Pet of the Month February 1989 - Lola Anders *
 Pet of the Month March 1989 - Sunny Woods *
 Pet of the Month April 1989 - Simone Brigitte *
 Pet of the Month May 1989 - Venesuela *
 Pet of the Month June 1989 - Katja Zajcek *
 Pet of the Month July 1989 - Suzy *
 Pet of the Month August 1989 - Sara Norton *
 Pet of the Month September 1989 - Lynn Johnson *
 Pet of the Month October 1989 - Diana Van Gils *
 Pet of the Month November 1989 - Mikki Brenner *
 Pet of the Month December 1989 - Kirsten Stewart *
 Pet of the Year 1989 - Ginger Miller  Year 1990  *
 Pet of the Month January 1990 - Stacey Lynn *
 Pet of the Month February 1990 - Justine Delahunty *
 Pet of the Month March 1990 - Brandy O *
 Pet of the Month April 1990 - Jaqueline Winfield *
 Pet of the Month May 1990 - Jisel *
 Pet of the Month June 1990 - Amy Lynn *
 Pet of the Month July 1990 - Marie Duarte *
 Pet of the Month August 1990 - Johnie Cheney *
 Pet of the Month September 1990 - Linda Johansen *
 Pet of the Month October 1990 - Kelly Jackson *
 Pet of the Month November 1990 - Barbie Ashton *
 Pet of the Month December 1990 - Diana Van Laar *
 Pet of the Year 1990 - Stephanie Page  Year 1991  *
 Pet of the Month January 1991 - Mahalia Maria *
 Pet of the Month February 1991 - Tara Jackson *
 Pet of the Month March 1991 - Sandi Korn *
 Pet of the Month April 1991 - Theresa Presley *
 Pet of the Month May 1991 - Ronnie Dawn *
 Pet of the Month June 1991 - Julie Strain *
 Pet of the Month July 1991 - Teneil *
 Pet of the Month August 1991 - Ryan Matthews *
 Pet of the Month September 1991 - Sasha Vinni *
 Pet of the Month October 1991 - Pamela Peters *
 Pet of the Month November 1991 - Shannon Williams *
 Pet of the Month December 1991 - Jean Carew *
 Pet of the Year 1991 - Simone Brigitte  Year 1992  *
 Pet of the Month January 1992 - Stevie Jean *
 Pet of the Month February 1992 - Leslie Glass *
 Pet of the Month March 1992 - Jami Dion *
 Pet of the Month April 1992 - Robin Brown *
 Pet of the Month May 1992 - Jasmine *
 Pet of the Month June 1992 - Tracy Wolf aka stage name K.C. Williams adult pornstar *
 Pet of the Month July 1992 - Nicole Simmons *
 Pet of the Month August 1992 - Tammy Chapman *
 Pet of the Month September 1992 - Seana Ryan *
 Pet of the Month October 1992 - Chanel *
 Pet of the Month November 1992 - Alexis Christian *
 Pet of the Month December 1992 - Anja Josefsen *
 Pet of the Year 1992 - Jisel (Brandy Ledford)  Year 1993  *
 Pet of the Month January 1993 - Natalie Lennox *
 Pet of the Month February 1993 - Julie K. Smith *
 Pet of the Month March 1993 - Natalie Smith *
 Pet of the Month April 1993 - Sharon Fitzpatrick *
 Pet of the Month May 1993 - Gina LaMarca *
 Pet of the Month June 1993 - Samantha Phillips *
 Pet of the Month July 1993 - Michelle Tanner *
 Pet of the Month August 1993 - Kailina *
 Pet of the Month September 1993 - Andi Sue Irwin *
 Pet of the Month October 1993 - Stacy Moran *
 Pet of the Month November 1993 - Melissa McGlathery *
 Pet of the Month December 1993 - Levena Holmes *
 Pet of the Year 1993 - Julie Strain  Year 1994  *
 Pet of the Month January 1994 - Bonita Saint *
 Pet of the Month February 1994 - Tiffany Burlingame *
 Pet of the Month March 1994 - Mignon May Champ *
 Pet of the Month April 1994 - Andrea Mountjoy *
 Pet of the Month May 1994 - Sonja McDaniel *
 Pet of the Month June 1994 - Taylor Wayne *
 Pet of the Month July 1994 - Dakotah Summers *
 Pet of the Month August 1994 - Alex Taylor *
 Pet of the Month October 1994 - Leigh Anderson *
 Pet of the Month October 1994 - Heidi Lynne *
 Pet of the Month November 1994 - Veronica Gillespie *
 Pet of the Month December 1994 - Brandi Lee Braxton *
 Pet of the Year 1994 - Sasha Vinni  Year 1995  *
 Pet of the Month January 1995 - Lydia Schone *
 Pet of the Month February 1995 - Emma Nixon *
 Pet of the Month March 1995 - Lynn Turner *
 Pet of the Month April 1995 - Briana Nickles *
 Pet of the Month May 1995 - Darina Vanickova *
 Pet of the Month June 1995 - Elizabeth Ann Hilden *
 Pet of the Month July 1995 - Dyanna Lauren *
 Pet of the Month August 1995 - Lexie Leblanc *
 Pet of the Month September 1995 - Ashley Williams *
 Pet of the Month October 1995 - Shandra Leigh *
 Pet of the Month November 1995 - Cher aka Veronica Sage *
 Pet of the Month December 1995 - Nikki Tyler *
 Pet of the Year 1995 - Gina LaMarca  Year 1996  *
 Pet of the Month January 1996 - Emerald Heart *
 Pet of the Month February 1996 - Sabrina West *
 Pet of the Month March 1996 - Diane aka Sunset Thomas *
 Pet of the Month April 1996 - Kia Delao *
 Pet of the Month May 1996 - Lexus Locklear *
 Pet of the Month June 1996 - Julia Garvey *
 Pet of the Month July 1996 - Celeste Jean *
 Pet of the Month August 1996 - Paige Summers *
 Pet of the Month September 1996 - Tania Russof *
 Pet of the Month October 1996 - Lisa Gayle *
 Pet of the Month November 1996 - Samantha Michaels *
 Pet of the Month December 1996 - Heather St. James *
 Pet of the Year 1996 - Andi Sue Irwin  Year 1997  *
 Pet of the Month January 1997 - Rachelle Arnott *
 Pet of the Month February 1997 - Monique Nobrega *
 Pet of the Month March 1997 - Nikie St. Gilles *
 Pet of the Month April 1997 - Heather Kelly *
 Pet of the Month May 1997 - Andrea Kurtz *
 Pet of the Month June 1997 - Dayna Ann *
 Pet of the Month July 1997 - Elena Gilbert *
 Pet of the Month August 1997 - Roxy Le Roux *
 Pet of the Month September 1997 - Rocki Roads *
 Pet of the Month October 1997 - Mason Marconi *
 Pet of the Month November 1997 - Alexus Winston *
 Pet of the Month December 1997 - Juliet Cariaga *
 Pet of the Year 1997 - Elizabeth Ann Hilden  Year 1998  *
 Pet of the Month January 1998 - Eva Major *
 Pet of the Month February 1998 - Nanna Gibson *
 Pet of the Month March 1998 - Anita Rinaldi *
 Pet of the Month April 1998 - Chloe Jones *
 Pet of the Month May 1998 - Pamela Petrokova *
 Pet of the Month June 1998 - Kelly Havel *
 Pet of the Month July 1998 - Nikita *
 Pet of the Month August 1998 - Aimee Sweet *
 Pet of the Month September 1998 - Tamara *
 Pet of the Month October 1998 - Silvia Saint *
 Pet of the Month November 1998 - Melissa Ann *
 Pet of the Month December 1998 - Vicca *
 Pet of the Year 1998 - Paige Summers  Year 1999  *
 Pet of the Month January 1999 - Samantha Stewart *
 Pet of the Month February 1999 - Cat Daniels *
 Pet of the Month March 1999 - Leah Maree Willis *
 Pet of the Month April 1999 - Zdenka Podkapova *
 Pet of the Month May 1999 - Miel Angel *
 Pet of the Month June 1999 - Angelica Costello *
 Pet of the Month July 1999 - Melissa Ludwig *
 Pet of the Month August 1999 - Claudia Loveno *
 Pet of the Month September 1999 - Alexa Lauren *
 Pet of the Month October 1999 - Devinn Lane *
 Pet of the Month November 1999 - K.C. Tyler *
 Pet of the Month December 1999 - Jacqueline Marie Phillips *
 Pet of the Year 1999 : Nikie St. Gilles  Year 2000  *
 Pet of the Month January 2000 - Nicole Marciano *
 Pet of the Month February 2000 - Tera Patrick *
 Pet of the Month March 2000 - Kyla Cole *
 Pet of the Month April 2000 - Cristi Taylor *
 Pet of the Month May 2000 - Nikki Anderson *
 Pet of the Month June 2000 - Tracie Carmichael *
 Pet of the Month July 2000 - Megan Mason *
 Pet of the Month August 2000 - Orchidea Keresztes *
 Pet of the Month September 2000 - Aria Giovanni *
 Pet of the Month October 2000 - Linn Thomas *
 Pet of the Month November 2000 - Mercedes Lynn *
 Pet of the Month December 2000 - Suzette Spencer *
 Pet of the Year 2000 - Juliet Cariaga *
 Pet of the Year 2000 - Alexus Winston  Year 2001  *
 Pet of the Month January 2001 - Devon *
 Pet of the Month February 2001 - Judith Devine *
 Pet of the Month March 2001 - Sunny Leone *
 Pet of the Month April 2001 - Tyler Reed *
 Pet of the Month May 2001 - Kelle Marie *
 Pet of the Month June 2001 - Briana Banks *
 Pet of the Month July 2001 - Alex Arden *
 Pet of the Month August 2001 - Ava Vincent *
 Pet of the Month September 2001 - Stephanie Wood *
 Pet of the Month October 2001 - Teanna Kai *
 Pet of the Month November 2001 - Melissa Starr *
 Pet of the Month December 2001 - Cheyenne Silver *
 Pet of the Year 2001 - Zdenka Podkapova  Year 2002  *
 Pet of the Month January 2002 - Karri Jacobs *
 Pet of the Month February 2002 - Kyli Ryan *
 Pet of the Month March 2002 - Courtney Taylor *
 Pet of the Month April 2002 - Hannah Harper *
 Pet of the Month May 2002 - Clara Morgane *
 Pet of the Month June 2002 - Victoria Zdrok *
 Pet of the Month July 2002 - Nadia Vasi *
 Pet of the Month August 2002 - Jordan West *
 Pet of the Month September 2002 - Jassie Lewis *
 Pet of the Month October 2002 - Monique Hajkova *
 Pet of the Month November 2002 - Natalia Cruze *
 Pet of the Month December 2002 - Kira Kener *
 Pet of the Year 2002 - Megan Mason  Year 2003  *
 Pet of the Month January 2003 - Martina Warren *
 Pet of the Month February 2003 - Dominique Dane *
 Pet of the Month March 2003 - Lilly Ann *
 Pet of the Month April 2003 - Jana Cova *
 Pet of the Month May 2003 - Victoria Bonne *
 Pet of the Month June 2003 - Lanny Barbie *
 Pet of the Month July 2003 - Silver Moon *
 Pet of the Month August 2003 - Sandra Shine *
 Pet of the Month September 2003 - Chantelle Fontain *
 Pet of the Month October 2003 - NIL *
 Pet of the Month November 2003 - Anais Alexander *
 Pet of the Month December 2003 - Aneta Smrhova *
 Pet of the Year 2003 - Sunny Leone  Year 2004  *
 Pet of the Month January 2004 - Jenna Jameson *
 Pet of the Month February 2004 - NIL *
 Pet of the Month March 2004 - Kimber Lee *
 Pet of the Month April 2004 - Jesse Capelli *
 Pet of the Month May 2004 - Brigitta Kocsis *
 Pet of the Month June 2004 - Tylar Jacobs *
 Pet of the Month July 2004 - Svetla Lubova *
 Pet of the Month August 2004 - Montana Bay *
 Pet of the Month September 2004 - Ginger Jolie *
 Pet of the Month October 2004 - Prinzzess *
 Pet of the Month November 2004 - Peach a.k.a. Renata Daninsky *
 Pet of the Month December 2004 - Ashley Roberts *
 Pet of the Year 2004 - Victoria Zdrok  Year 2005  *
 Pet of the Month January 2005 - Jamie Lynn *
 Pet of the Month February 2005 - Avery Adams *
 Pet of the Month March 2005 - Crystal Klein *
 Pet of the Month April 2005 - Cassia Riley *
 Pet of the Month May 2005 - Lucie Theodorova *
 Pet of the Month June 2005 - Valentina Vaughn *
 Pet of the Month July 2005 - Celeste Star *
 Pet of the Month August 2005 - Paris Dahl *
 Pet of the Month September 2005 - Gina Austin *
 Pet of the Month October 2005 - Melissa Jacobs *
 Pet of the Month November 2005 - Renee Diaz *
 Pet of the Month December 2005 - Bella Starr *
 Pet of the Year 2005 - Martina Warren  Year 2006  *
 Pet of the Month January 2006 - Heather Vandeven *
 Pet of the Month February 2006 - Charlie Laine *
 Pet of the Month March 2006 - Jennifer Emerson *
 Pet of the Month April 2006 - Krista Ayne *
 Pet of the Month May 2006 - Nevaeh *
 Pet of the Month June 2006 - Shay Laren *
 Pet of the Month July 2006 - Alexandria Karlsen *
 Pet of the Month August 2006 - Olivia Kent *
 Pet of the Month September 2006 - Michelle Ramos *
 Pet of the Month October 2006 - Kimberley Rogers *
 Pet of the Month November 2006 - Brea Lynn *
 Pet of the Month December 2006 - Hanna Hilton *
 Pet of the Year 2006 - Jamie Lynn  Year 2007  *
 Pet of the Month January 2007 - Erica Ellyson *
 Pet of the Month February 2007 - Stormy Daniels *
 Pet of the Year 2007 - TBA    Labels: Penthouse magazine, Penthouse Pets, Pet of the Month  

Playboy Playmates of the Year 2006 Kara Monaco 2005 Tiffany Fallon 2004 Carmella DeCesare 1997 Victoria Silvstedt

List of Playmates of the Year


This is a list of Playboy Playmates of the Year:

* 2006: Kara Monaco
* 2005: Tiffany Fallon
* 2004: Carmella DeCesare
* 2003: Christina Santiago
* 2002: Dalene Kurtis
* 2001: Brande Roderick
* 2000: Jodi Ann Paterson
* 1999: Heather Kozar
* 1998: Karen McDougal
* 1997: Victoria Silvstedt
* 1996: Stacy Sanches
* 1995: Julie Lynn Cialini
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* 1993: Anna Nicole Smith
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* 1991: Lisa Matthews
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* 1985: Karen Velez
* 1984: Barbara Edwards
* 1983: Marianne Gravatte
* 1982: Shannon Tweed
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* 1980: Dorothy Stratten
* 1979: Monique St. Pierre
* 1978: Debra Jo Fondren
* 1977: Patti McGuire
* 1976: Lillian Müller
* 1975: Marilyn Lange
* 1974: Cyndi Wood
* 1973: Marilyn Cole
* 1972: Liv Lindeland
* 1971: Sharon Clark
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* 1969: Connie Kreski
* 1968: Angela Dorian
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* 1962: Christa Speck
* 1961: Linda Gamble
* 1960: Ellen Stratton


Labels: Playboy Playmates, Playboy Playmates of the Year

Bikini Bikini underwear Sports bikini Beach String bikini Skimpy bikinis Swimsuit and Beachwear

Bikini

Woman wearing a bikini

A bikini or two piece is a women's swimsuit with two parts, one covering the breasts (optionally in the case of the monokini), the other the groin (and optionally the buttocks), leaving an uncovered area between the two (optionally in the case of the Tankini). It is often worn in hot weather or while swimming. The shapes of both parts of a bikini resemble women's underwear, and the lower part can range from revealing thong or g-string to briefs and modest square-cut shorts. Merriam–Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th edition) describes the bikini as "a woman's scanty two-piece bathing suit", "a man's brief swimsuit" and "a man's or woman's low-cut briefs".

The bikini, which shocked when it appeared on French beaches in 1947, was a Greco-Roman invention.[1] The modern bikini was invented by French engineer Louis Réard in 1946. He named it after Bikini Atoll in the Pacific, the site of the Operation Crossroads nuclear weapon test on July 1, 1946. The reasoning was that the burst of excitement created by it would be like a nuclear device. The monokini, a bikini variant, is a back formation from bikini, interpreting the first syllable as the Latin prefix bi- meaning "two" or "doubled", and substituting for it mono- meaning "one".[2] Jacques Heim called his bikini precursor the Atome, named for its size, and Louis Réard claimed to have "split the Atome" to make it smaller.

The bikini is perhaps the most popular female beachwear around the globe, according to French fashion historian Olivier Saillard due to "the power of women, and not the power of fashion". As he explains, "The emancipation of swimwear has always been linked to the emancipation of women."[3] By the mid 2000s bikinis had become a US$811 million business annually, according to the NPD Group, a consumer and retail information company.[4] The bikini has boosted spin-off services like bikini waxing and the sun tanning industries.[5]
Contents
[hide]

    * 1 History
    * 2 Bikini variants
          o 2.1 Bikini underwear
    * 3 Sports bikini
          o 3.1 Beach volleyball
          o 3.2 Athletics
          o 3.3 Controversy
    * 4 Men's bikini
          o 4.1 Mankini
    * 5 See also
    * 6 References
    * 7 External links

[edit] History

    Main article: History of the bikini

Leather thong bottom from the time of Roman Britain
Micheline Bernardini modeling one of the first modern bikinis

The history of the bikini is checkered one. The earliest evidence of a bikini-like costume dates back to the Chalcolithic era, as the mother-goddess of Çatalhöyük, a large ancient settlement in southern Anatolia, is depicted astride two leopards wearing garb akin to a modern bikini.[6] Two-piece garments worn by women for athletic purposes are on Greek urns and paintings dating back to 1400 BC.[7] Active women of ancient Greece wore a breastband called a mastodeton or an apodesmos, which continued to be used as an undergarment in the Middle Ages.[8] While men in ancient Greece abandoned the perizoma, partly high-cut briefs and partly loincloth, women performers and acrobats continued to wear it.[9] Artwork dating back to the Diocletian period (286-305 AD) in Villa Romana del Casale, Sicily depicts women in garments resembling bikinis in mosaics on the floor.[3][10] The images of ten women, dubbed the "Bikini Girls",[11] exercising in clothing that would pass as bikinis today, are the most replicated mosaic among the 37 million colored tiles at the site.[12] Archeological finds, especially in Pompeii, show the Roman goddess Venus wearing a bikini. A statue of Venus in a bikini was found in cupboard in the southwest corner in Casa della Venere, others were found in the front hall.[13] A statue of Venus was recovered from the tablinum of the house of Julia Felix,[14] and another from an atrium at the garden at Via Dell'Abbondanza.[15]

The modern bikini started to emerge again in 1907, when Australian swimmer and performer Annette Kellerman was arrested on a Boston beach for wearing a form-fitting one-piece which became accepted swimsuit for women by 1910. Pictures of her were produced as evidence in the Esquire magazine versus United States Postmaster General legal battle over indecency in 1943. In 1913, inspired by the introduction of females into Olympic swimming, the designer Carl Jantzen made the first functional two-piece swimwear, a close-fitting one-piece with shorts on the bottom and short sleeves on top.[16] By the 1930s, necklines plunged at the back, sleeves disappeared and sides were cut away. Hollywood endorsed the new glamour with films such as Neptune's Daughter in which Esther Williams wore provocatively named costumes such as "Double Entendre" and "Honey Child".[17] With new materials like lastex and nylon, by 1934 the swimsuit started hugging the body and had shoulder straps to lower for tanning.[18] Burlesque and vaudeville performers wore two-piece outfits in the 1920s, and in 1932 French designer Madeleine Vionnet offered an exposed midriff in an evening gown.[19]

By the early 1940s two-piece swimsuits were frequent on American beaches. Hollywood stars like Ava Gardner, Rita Hayworth and Lana Turner tried similar swimwear or beachwear.[20] Pin ups of Hayworth and Esther Williams in the costume were widely distributed.[16] Finally, the modern bikini was introduced by French engineer Louis Réard and fashion designer Jacques Heim in Paris in 1946. Réard was a car engineer but by 1946 he was running his mother's lingerie boutique near Les Folies Bergères in Paris.[21] Heim was working on a new kind of beach costume. It comprised two pieces, the bottom large enough to cover its wearer's navel. In May 1946, he advertised it as the world's "smallest bathing suit". Réard sliced the top off the bottoms and advertised it as "smaller than the smallest swimsuit".[22][23] Réard could not find a model to wear his design. He ended up hiring Micheline Bernardini, a nude dancer from the Casino de Paris.[24] That bikini, a string bikini with a g-string back of 30 square inches (194 cm²) of clothes with newspaper type printed across, was introduced on July 5 at Piscine Molitor, a public pool in Paris.[25][16] Heim's design was the first worn on the beach, but clothing was given its name by Réard.[3]

    See also: Bikini in popular culture

[edit] Bikini variants

    Main article: Bikini variants

String bikini
Tankini

The bikini has spawned many stylistic variations. A regular bikini is defined as a two pieces of garments that cover the groin and buttocks at the lower end and the breasts in the upper end. Some bikinis can offer a large amount of coverage, while other bikinis provide only the barest minimum. Topless variants may still be considered bikinis, although technically no longer two-piece swimsuits. [26][27] Along with a variation in designs term bikini was followed by an often hilarious lexicon including the numokini (top part missing), seekini (transparent bikini), tankini (tank top, bikini bottom), camikini (camisole top and bikini bottom) and hikini.[28] Since fashions of different centuries exist beside one another in early 21st century, though it is possible to imagine a woman combining a bikini and a 1910 bathing costume.[29]

Bikini tops come in several different styles and cuts, including a halter-style neck that offers more coverage and support, a strapless bandeau, a rectangular strip of fabric covering the breasts that minimizes large breasts, a top with cups similar to a push-up bra, and the more traditional triangle cups that lift and shape the breasts. Bikini bottoms vary in style and cut and in the amount of coverage they offer, coverage ranging anywhere from complete underwear-style coverage, as in the case of more modest bottom pieces like briefs, shorts, or briefs with a small skirt-panel attached, to almost full exposure, as in the case of the thong bikini. Skimpier styles have narrow sides, including V-cut (in front), French cut (with high-cut sides) and low-cut string (with string sides).[26][27] In just one major fashion show in 1985 were two-piece suits with cropped tank tops instead of the usual skimpy bandeaux, suits that are bikinis in front and one-piece in back, suspender straps, ruffles, and daring, navel-baring cutouts.[30] Subsequent variations on the theme include the monokini, tankini, string bikini, thong, slingshot, minimini, teardrop, and micro.[31]

[edit] Bikini underwear

Types of underwear worn by both men and women are identified as bikini underwear, similar in size and revealing nature to the bottom half of a bikini bathing suit. For women, bikini underwear can refer to virtually any tight, skimpy, or revealing undergarment that provides less coverage to the midsection than traditional underwear, panties or knickers. For men, a bikini is a type of undergarment that is smaller and more revealing than men's briefs.

    See also: Monokini, Tankini, and Burqini

[edit] Sports bikini
Sports bikini in Beach Volleyball
German pole vaulter Floé Kühnert at 2004 Summer Olympics

There is evidence of ancient roman women playing Expulsim Ludere, an early version of handball.[32] Female athletes who play beach volleyball professionally usually wear two-pieces. These bikinis are designed with functionality rather than fashion in mind.

[edit] Beach volleyball

In 1994, the bikini became the official uniform of women's Olympic beach volleyball, marking a female sexuality that was also athletic. It also sold tickets.[4] Dancers, sex appeal and bikinis worn by women players as much as athletic ability made beach volleyball the fifth largest television audience of all the sports at the Games at Bondi Beach in Australia in 2000 Olympics.[33] The popularity of Dead or Alive: Xtreme Beach Volleyball, a video game for Xbox, was attributed to the skimpily clad women.[34]

[edit] Athletics

Often the women in athletics also wear bikinis, not much larger than in beach volleyball. Amy Acuff, an US high-jumper, wore a black leather bikini instead of a track suit, at Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics.[35] Towns like Porto Seguro in Brazil has become an attraction for beach athletics in bikini for the tourists.[36]

[edit] Controversy

Skimpy bikinis have been a major component of marketing woman's sports, raising some objections.[37] In 2007, fans voted for contestants in the WWE Diva contest after watching them playing beach volleyball in skimpy bikinis.[38] In the 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games, inclusion of bikini-clad athletes raised eyebrows, while a controversy broke out around bikini-clad cheerleaders performing at a beach volleyball match.[39][40] Bikinis stirred up a controversy at the 2006 Asian Games at Doha, Qatar, and the Iraqi teams refused to wear such clothing.[41] In the 2007 South Pacific Games, players were made to wear shorts and cropped sports tops instead of bikinis.[42] In the West Asian Games 2006, bikini-bottoms were banned for female athletes, who were asked to wear long shorts.[43] String bikinis and other skimpy clothes are also common in surfing paving ways for some hooliganism in the past.[44]

[edit] Men's bikini
Posing brief in a Bodybuilding contest
Man in string bikini

The term men's bikini is used to describe types of men's swimsuits, men's underwear, or similar garments. Men's bikinis can have both high or low side panels, string sides or tie sides, and most lack a button or flap front. Many do not have a visible waistband like briefs. Suits less than 1.5 inches wide at the hips are less common for sporting purposes and are most often worn for recreation, fashion, and sun tanning. An example of this style, known as the posing brief, is the standard for competitions in the sport of bodybuilding. Male Punk rock musicians have performed on the stage wearing woman's bikini briefs.[45] The 2000 Bollywood film Hera Pheri shows men sunbathing in bikinis, who were mistakenly belived to be girls from a distance by the protagonist.[46]

As the wave of female sexuality on the beach receded in the 1990s, the metrosexual men has become the new sex symbol. Swimsuits shown in men's wear collections by Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana or Paul Smith have tended to be black and snug fitting, throwbacks to the designs of the 1930s and '40s, while Gianni Versace's ads with their heroic depictions of Miami bathers in contrast to popular, sports-inspired beach wear — bright and baggy Bermudas or boxer shorts. The Greek designer Nikos Apostolopoulos put a different spin as his bathing suits (for both sexes, but with the focus on the male) making them anatomical creations, cut and stitched to outline the body and its sexual characteristics.[47]

Traditionally in the past, general society did not accept men wearing bikinis at public beaches or swimming pools. However, as with the women's liberty movement, it is becoming more accepted for men to wear more revealing swimsuits at public locations.[citation needed] Men can now be seen wearing bikinis, thongs, and g-strings at pools and beaches throughout the world, however, it is still less popular in the United States than in Europe where men have been wearing bikinis for decades.[citation needed] Bikini tops for men is seen as an amusement factor.[48]

[edit] Mankini

Mankini is a type of sling bikini worn by men. It was popularized by Sacha Baron Cohen when he donned one in the film Borat. The buzz around the film started building during the Cannes Film Festival in May 2006, when Baron Cohen posed in character on the beach in a neon green mankini, alongside two models.[49] According to one fashion expert suspenders combined with bikini briefs or panties form an unaesthetic pattern.[50] According to another the Borat connection the style has become a bit humorous.[51] Hollywood comic Jim Carrey has worn a mankini on the beach,[52] and British designer Alexander McQueen paraded male models in mankinis in Milan Fashion Week 2008.[53] Mankinis have also caused controversy in New Zealand, with the wearing of mankinis to Rugby tournaments banned.[54]

[edit] See also
Sister project     Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bikini

    * Swimsuit and Beachwear
    * Thong (clothing) and G-string
    * Bikini waxing
    * Toplessness and Topfreedom

[edit] References

   1. ^ Peter J. James, I. J. Thorpe & Nick Thorpe, Ancient Inventions,‎ page 279, Ballantine Books, 1994, ISBN 0345401026
   2. ^ Bill Sherk, 500 Years of New Words, page 284, Dundurn Press Ltd., 2004, ISBN 1550025252
   3. ^ a b c Kathryn Westcott, "The Bikini: Not a brief affair", BBC News, 2006-06-05
   4. ^ a b Sylvia Rubin, "Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button", San Francisco Chronicle, 2006-07-02
   5. ^ Lorna Edwards, "You've still got it, babe, The Age, 2006-06-03
   6. ^ Prithvi Kumar Agrawala, Goddessess in Ancient India, page 12, Abhinav Publications, 1984, ISBN 0391029606
   8. ^ Stephanie Pedersen, Bra, page 8, David & Charles, 2004, ISBN 071532067X
   9. ^ Larissa Bonfante, Etruscan Dress, page 21, JHU Press, 2003, ISBN 0801874130
  10. ^ Villa Romana del Casale, Val di Noto
  11. ^ Allen Guttmann, Women's Sports: A History, page 38, Columbia University Press, 1991, ISBN 023106957X
  12. ^ Villa Romana del Casale, World Heritage Sites
  13. ^ Pompeian Households, Stoa Image Gallery, The Stoa Consortium
  14. ^ Mary Beard & John Henderson, Classical Art, page 116, Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0192842374
  15. ^ Elisabeth B. MacDougall, Wilhelmina Mary Feemster Jashemski & Dumbarton Oaks, Ancient Roman Gardens, page 38, Dumbarton Oaks, 1979, ISBN 0884021009
  17. ^ David Sandhu, "Nottingham: Bathed in nostalgia", The Telegraph (UK), 2003-08-04
  18. ^ History of the Bikini, Carnival
  19. ^ Samantha Critchell, "Little wonder that bikinis have fit in almost from the start", The San Diego Union-Tribune, 2006-05-28
  20. ^ James Kitchling, Short History of Bikinis and Swimsuits, 3X24 News Magazine
  21. ^ Adam Sage, "Happy birthday: the 'shocking and immoral' bikini hits 60", The Times, 2006-04-16
  22. ^ Paula Cocozza, "A little piece of history", The Guardian, 2006-06-10
  23. ^ The Bikini Turns 60, 1946 to 2006: 60 Years of Bikini Bathing Beauties, Lilith E-Zine
  25. ^ Bikini Introduced, This Day in History, History Channel
  26. ^ a b What is a Bikini?, WiseGeek
  27. ^ a b Bikini, Swimsuit Styles
  28. ^ Barry J. Blake, Playing with Words: Humour in the English Language‎, page 59, Equinox, 2007, ISBN 1845533305
  29. ^ Jacques Laurent & Cécil Saint-Laurent, A History of Ladies Underwear‎, page 214, Joseph, 1968, ISBN 0718106245
  30. ^ Fashion Correspondent, "Swimsuits take some inspiration from the past", Philadelphia Inquirer, 1985-11-10
  31. ^ David Diefendorf & James Randi, Amazing... But False!: Hundreds of "Facts" You Thought Were True, But Aren't, page 33, Sterling, 2007, ISBN 1402737912
  32. ^ John Anthony Cuddon, The Macmillan Dictionary of Sports and Games, page 393, Macmillan, 1980, ISBN 0333191633
  33. ^ Stuff Writer, "Beach volleyball a popular spectator sport", ESPN, 2004-08-16
  34. ^ Charles Harold, GAME THEORY; It's Hot-Potato Season: Call In the String Bikinis, New York Times, 2003-08-07; Retrieved: 2008-03-12
  35. ^ Staff Correspondent, "Hype Hopes Today's Olympians need more than athletic prowess to win gold", Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 2000-08-06
  36. ^ James Brooke, "In the Land of Lambada", 1991-03-10
  37. ^ Laura Grae Kilborn, "The Marketing Of Female Athletes", Denver Post, 1998-08-11
  38. ^ WWE Diva Search, Propeller News, 2007-09-18; Retrieved: 2008-03-12
  39. ^ Phil Gordos, Bikini girls making waves, BBC, 2004-08-25; Retrieved: 2008-03-12
  40. ^ Associated Press, Beach volleyball's bikini cheerleaders stir up a storm, NBC sports, 2004-08-17; Retrieved: 2008-03-12
  41. ^ Associated Press, In Doha, beach volleyball bikinis create cultural clash, Ynet News, 2006-03-12; Retrieved: 2008-03-12
  42. ^ Staff Correspondent, No bikinis for beach volleyball players, The News, 2007-08-31; Retrieved: 2008-03-12
  43. ^ Staff Correspondent, "Unveiling the spirit of the sporting women", The Economic Times, 2006-12-01
  44. ^ Matt Krantz, "Sponsors get gnarly idea: Surf sells, dude", USA Today, 2001-08-06
  45. ^ A. W. Richard Sipe, A Secret World, page 25, Psychology Press, 1990, ISBN 0876305850
  46. ^ Ruth Vanita, Queering India, page 207, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0415929504
  47. ^ Suzy Menkes, "Runways: Remembrance of Thongs Past", The New York Times, 1993-07-18
  48. ^ Sarah Karnasiewicz, Here she comes, "Mr. Saugus High School", Salon
  49. ^ Josh Friedman & Lorenza Munoz, "Fox scales back `Borat' movie's opening; The comedy will first be shown in 800 theaters, down from 2,000, amid a lack of awareness", The Los Angeles Times, page C1, 2006-10-25
  50. ^ Joan Nunn, Fashion in Costume, 1200-1980: 1200-1980‎, page 222, Herbert Press, 1984, ISBN 0906969379
  51. ^ Sling bikini, Brazilian Bikinis
  52. ^ Tom Chivers, "Jim Carrey wears Jenny McCarthy's swimsuit in Borat-like 'mankini' Malibu beach jaunt", Telegraph (UK), 2008-07-07
  53. ^ News Desk, "Borat's mankini hits catwalk", News (Australia), 2008-06-24
  54. ^ Staff Reporter, "Kiwi cops cracking down on Borat's skimpy 'mankini'", Cheers News Agency, 2008-01-29

[edit] External links

    * Evolution on the swimwear on Fashion Era
    * Bikini in beauty contests
    * Bikini Science: A comprehensive site on the bikini
    * Bikini exhibition

[hide]
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Page Three girls models for topless photographs published in UK tabloids, specifically page three of The Sun

Page Three girls


A Page Three girl is a woman who models for topless photographs published in UK tabloids, specifically page three of The Sun.
   Pages in category "Page Three girls"  
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 Debee Ashby  B 
 Marina Baker
 Cathy Barry
 Kelly Bell
 Carla Brown  C 
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 Lana Cox  D 
 Jakki Degg
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 Dionne Lee   Labels: Page Three girls, The Sun, UK tabloids